Peptidyl transferase

Updated on Jan 20, 2024

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EC number 2.3.2.12 IntEnz IntEnz view ExPASy NiceZyme view		CAS number 9059-29-4 BRENDA BRENDA entry KEGG KEGG entry

The Peptidyl transferase is an aminoacyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.12) as well as the primary enzymatic function of the ribosome, which forms peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids using tRNAs during the translation process of protein biosynthesis.

Peptidyl transferase activity is carried out by the ribosome. Peptidyl transferase activity is not mediated by any ribosomal proteins but by ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a ribozyme. Ribozymes are the only enzymes which are not made up of proteins, but ribonucleotides. All other enzymes are made up of proteins. This RNA relic is the most significant piece of evidence supporting the RNA World hypothesis.

In Prokaryotes, the 50S (23S component) ribosome subunit contains the peptidyl transferase component and acts as a ribozyme.

In Eukaryotes, the 60S (28S component) ribosome subunit contains the peptidyl transferase component and acts as the ribozyme.

Peptidyl transferases are not limited to translation, but there are relatively few enzymes with this function.

Antibiotic target

The following protein synthesis inhibitors target peptidyl transferase:

Chloramphenicol binds to A2451 and A2452 residues in the 23S rRNA of the ribosome and inhibits peptide bond formation.

Pleuromutilins also bind to peptidyl transferase.

Macrolide antibiotics are thought to inhibit peptidyl transferase, in addition to inhibiting ribosomal translocation.

References

Peptidyl transferase Wikipedia

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