Penson is a surname. Notable persons with the surname include:
César Nicolás Penson (1855–1901), Dominican authorCharlie Penson (born 1942), Canadian politicianLillian Penson (1896–1963), English historianMax Penson (1893–1959), Russian photojournalistPaul Penson (1931–2006), American baseball playerRicardo Penson (born 1952), Filipino business executiveRichard Kyrke Penson (1815–1885), Welsh architectThomas Penson (1790–1859), English surveyorThomas Mainwaring Penson (1818–1864), English architect