Peltier is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Harvey Peltier, Jr. (1923-1980), American politicianHarvey Peltier, Sr. (1899-1977), American politicianJean Charles Athanase Peltier (1785–1845), French physicist, documented the Peltier effectLee Peltier (born 1986), English football playerLeonard Peltier (born 1944), Native American activist who was convicted of the murder of two FBI AgentsLeslie Peltier (1900–1980), American astronomerThérèse Peltier (1873–1926), French sculptor and aviatorWilliam Richard Peltier (born 1943), University of Toronto professor and physicist