Patnaik/pattnaik/pattanayak is an Indian Karana caste surname. They basically belong to the state of Odisha. Notable people with the surname include:
Ananga Kumar Patnaik (born 1949), Indian jurist, currently serving on the Supreme Court of India
Biju Patnaik (1916–1997), Indian politician
D. B. M. Patnaik (1925–2009), Indian lawyer, politician and communist leader
Arup Patnaik (born 1955), Former Police Commissioner of Mumbai, first and only Odia IPS officer to hold the post.
Devraj Patnaik (born 1975), Canadian-born composer, musician and choreographer
Donkada Patnaik (1925–2009), Indian solicitor and politician
Devdutt Pattanaik (born 1970), Indian mythologist, writer and columnist
Ellora Patnaik (born 1968), Canadian-born actress and Odissi dancer
Hara Patnaik (1958–2015), Oriya actor, film director and screenwriter
Ila Patnaik, Indian economist and a financial journalist
Jagabandhu Patnaik, dewan of Raja Arjun Singh of Porahat
Janaki Ballabh Patnaik (1927-2015), was leader of the Indian National Congress and former chief minister of Orissa
Rai Bahadur Mandhata Gorachand Patnaik, was first minister of Odisha State and a noted lawyer
Naveen Patnaik (born 1946), the Chief Minister of Orissa, India
Prabhat Patnaik (born 1945), Indian economist and political commentator
R. P. Patnaik, Indian film music director
Raghunath Patnaik, veteran leader of the Indian National Congress
Sudarshan Patnaik (born 1977), inventor of sand art in India
