Type Bicameral | ||
Houses SenateChamber of Deputies President of the Senate Milan Štěch, ČSSDSince 24 November 2010 Chairman of theChamber of Deputies Jan Hamáček, ČSSDSince 27 November 2013 Seats 281consisting of 81 Senators200 Members of Parliament (MPs) Political groups ČSSD (33) ODS (14) KDU-ČSL (11) STAN+TOP 09 (6) KSČM+SPO+S.cz (6) ANO+S.cz (5) Independents (6) | ||
The Parliament of the Czech Republic (Czech: Parlament České republiky) or just Parliament (Czech: Parlament) is the legislative body of the Czech Republic, seated in Malá Strana, Prague.
It consists of two chambers, both elected in direct elections:
Art. 15 of the Constitution stipulates its name as the "Parliament". The Parliament exercises competences usual in parliamentary systems: it holds and passes bills, has the right to modify the Constitution, ratifies international agreements; if necessary, it declares war, approves presence of foreign military forces in the Czech Republic or a dispatch of Czech military forces abroad.
History
The tradition of modern parliamentarianism in the Bohemian lands dates back to times of the Austrian Empire (and then Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary), where the Imperial Council (Reichsrat, Říšská rada) was created in 1861.
After proclamation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 its National Assembly (Národní shromáždění) undertook legislative duties both of the Imperial Council and State Diets (Bohemian, Moravian, Silesian). In 1938–39 and between 1948–89 there existed a parliament within non-democratic regimes (semi-authoritarian or Communist regime, respectively). As a consequence of federalization of Czechoslovakia (1968), national councils of Czech and Slovak parts of the country were created.
The Chamber of Deputies keeps continuity with the Czech National Council (Česká národní rada), while the Senate was established in 1996 (with reference to the First Czechoslovak Republic one).