224–642 → Today part of Iran Historical era Ancient history | Gushnasp becomes a Sasanian vassal 224 Capital Rasht | |
Padishkhwārgar or Patishkhwāgar which later orthographically morphed into Farshwārdgar (Persian: فرشواردگر) is the Middle Persian name of a vassal kingdom and later province of the Sasanian Empire.
Islamic geographers locate this province to the north of the Sasanian lands and assign the Caspian provinces (modern Mazandaran and Gilan) to this region. Mar'ashi, in his History of Tabaristan o Ruyan o Mazandaran, says that Tabaristan, Dailam, and Gilan are the regions of Padishkhwargar. This would mean that the modern Iranian provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan, Zanjan, Qazvin, Ardabil, and Eastern Azerbaijan will be included in this territorial designation. Its main city was Rasht.
The region is commonly associates with mythical stories of the Sasanian times and even after Islam, it continues to be considered mysterious by the Islamic historians and geographers. This is probably because the Islamic armies either never got to fully conquer this region or only penetrated some of its regions (Tabaristan).