Ostrovsky is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Ostrovsky (1823–1886), Russian dramatistArkady Ostrovsky (1914–1967), Soviet composerBaruch Ostrovsky (1890–1960), first mayor of Ra'anana, IsraelErika Ostrovsky, American writerGrigory Ostrovsky, Russian painterLeonid Ostrovsky (1936-2001), Soviet football starOlive Ostrovsky, fictional character from the musical, The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling BeeMikhail Ostrovsky, several peopleNikolai Ostrovsky (1904–1936), Russian Soviet writer, author of the novel How the Steel Was TemperedRafail Ostrovsky (born 1963), professor of computer science and mathematics at UCLASimon Ostrovsky (born 1981), Soviet-born American journalist, director, and producerVictor Ostrovsky (born 1949), Canadian-born, Israel-raised self-proclaimed former Mossad officer and author of several books