Olsson is a common Swedish surname. It is a contraction of the surname Olofsson and it literally means "son of Olof" and seldom also "son of Ola". Notable people (Swedish, unless stated otherwise) with the surname include:
Albert Julius Olsson (1864–1942), British artist
Arne Olsson, 20th century Lutheran bishop
Börje Kenny Olsson (1977–2007), speedway racer
Christian Olsson (born 1980), athlete
Holmfrid Olsson (1943–2009) a Swedish biathlete
Ingela Olsson (born 1958), actress
Jan Olof Olsson (1920–1974), writer and journalist
Johan Olsson (ice hockey) (born 1978), ice hockey forward
Johan Olsson (skier) (born 1980), cross country skier
Jonas Olsson (born 1970), football manager and former footballer
Jonas Olsson (born 1983), footballer
Karolina Olsson (1861–1950), Swedish woman who hibernated for three decades
Marcus Olsson (born 1988), footballer and brother of Martin
Martin Olsson (born 1988), footballer who plays for Blackburn Rovers in the Premier League
Mathias Olsson (born 1973), former professional ice hockey defenceman
Nigel Olsson (born 1949), English rock drummer
Otto Olsson (1879–1964), composer and organist
Peter A. Olsson (born 1941), American psychiatrist
Peter Olsson (–), bassist
Salina Olsson (born 1978), Swedish Olympic football player
Sandy Olsson, character played by Olivia Newton-John in the movie version of Grease
Sten Allan Olsson (1916–2013), founder of Stena Line
Tage William-Olsson (1888–1960), architect
Tony Olsson (born 1965), former speedway runner
Ulf Olsson (1951-2010), murderer
Vic Olsson, New Zealand rower