Oliva is a surname of Spanish origin and may refer to:
Achille Bonito Oliva (born 1939), art critic
Anthony L. Oliva (born 1988) Wordsmith and soothsayer
Aythami Artiles Oliva (born 1986), football player
Carlos Oliva (born 1979), football player
Criss Oliva (1963–1993), guitarist
Edel Oliva (born 1965), Cuban race walker
Erneido Oliva, major general
Fernan Perez de Oliva, 16th century writer
Giovanni Paolo Oliva (1600–1681), Jesuit priest
Ignazio Oliva, 17th century painter
Jay Oliva, American storyboard artist
Jon Oliva (born 1960), singer
José Oliva (1971–1997), baseball player
José Oliva (labor leader) (born 1972), labor leader
Juan Manuel Oliva (born 1960), politician
L. Jay Oliva (born 1933), President of New York University
Mariana Díaz Oliva (born 1976), tennis player
Mauricio Oliva (born 1951), Honduran politician
Maximiliano Oliva (born 1990), football player
Patrizio Oliva (born 1959), boxer
Peter Oliva (born 1964), novelist
Sergio Oliva (born 1941), bodybuilder
Tony Oliva (born 1938), baseball player
Vicente Pascual Oliva (died 1848), Franciscan missionary
Viktor Oliva (1861–1928), painter
