Olga Gavrilova (Russian: Ольга Гаврилова; born 8 February 1957) is a Russian former Soviet track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw.
She ranked in the global top twenty-five for the discipline in 1984, recording a personal best mark of 63.52 m (208 ft 4 3⁄4 in). Her sole international medal came at the 1985 IAAF World Cup, where she was a surprise winner with a throw of 66.80 m (219 ft 1 3⁄4 in), beating East German champion (and future Olympic champion) Petra Felke and World Championships medallist Fatima Whitbread. Alongside Natalya Lisovskaya, she was only one of two Soviet female winners at the competition and helped her nation to second place in the team rankings. Gavrilova has only placed ninth at the Soviet Athletics Championships that year and brought an end to Felke's 26-meeting undefeated streak.