Built c. 1080 Reference no. 33251 | Designated 19 May 1983 Architectural style Norman architecture | |
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Location Uphill, Somerset, England Governing body Churches Conservation Trust Similar Uphill, Brean Down, Brean Down Fort, Birnbeck Pier, Steep Holm | ||
The Old Church of St Nicholas at Uphill, Somerset, England, dates from around 1080, and was built on the site of previous places of worship. It stands on a cliff top overlooking Brean Down and the mouth of the River Axe.
Contents
The partially ruined church consists of a tower, chancel and a roofless nave. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust, although the roofed portion is still used for services occasionally.
Location
The partially ruined church, on the edge of Weston-super-Mare, sits on a cliff top the southern slope of which and the quarry at its western end form the Uphill Cliff Site of Special Scientific Interest, notable for its species-rich calcareous grassland. It consists of grassland and rock-face situated on Carboniferous Limestone. Steeper banks and knolls in the grassland have a flora which includes orchids, Somerset Hair Grass (Koeleria vallesiana), and Honewort, (Trinia glauca) and the Goldilocks Aster (Galatella linosyris) along with several species of butterfly and Weevil (Curculionoidea).
The church overlooks Weston Bay, Brean Down and the mouth of the River Axe which was used as a port in Roman times, probably for the export of lead from the Mendip Hills. The nearby tower on the hill is the remains of an 18th-century windmill.
History and architecture
The cliff beneath the church contained caves which contained evidence of occupation since the Stone age. The caves have since been quarried away and the artefacts removed to museums. During the Roman period a Romano-British temple was erected on the site. Some remains of this have been found beneath the floor of the open nave. There is evidence of a wooden church on the site around 700 AD during the Anglo-Saxon era, and the port at Uphill may have been a centre for pilgrims travelling to Glastonbury Abbey. The church became the responsibility of the abbot of the monastery dedicated to St Michael, which was on Steep Holm island in the Bristol Channel.
The current Norman stone building has a central three-stage tower, chancel and unroofed nave.
The building was remodelled in the late Middle Ages and restored in 1846 by Thomas Knytton of Uphill Castle. The porch was rebuilt in 1904, although the church had been partly in ruins since the building of a new parish church in 1844. The nave no longer has a roof.
There are three carved sundials, one on the east side of a plain tympanum set over a blocked door in the south wall and one to the west of the tympanum. The third sundial, on the window head on the south face of the tower, predates the Norman Conquest and may be Saxo-Norman.
Current use
It is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust and occasional services are held in the part of the church which still has a roof.