Oeneis (the arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are arctic, subarctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along in the harshest climates of any butterflies. Four species in Europe, more are found in arctic Russia, Siberia, Mongolia, arctic North America and the Rocky Mountains. Curiously, there are no observations from Greenland. The development of most species takes 2 years.
Listed alphabetically within groups.
The jutta species-group:
Oeneis fulla (Eversmann, 1851)Oeneis jutta (Hübner, 1805-1806) – Baltic Grayling or Jutta ArcticOeneis magna (Graeser, 1888)Oeneis melissa (Fabricius, 1775) – Melissa ArcticOeneis tunga (Staudinger, 1894)The norna species-group:
Oeneis actaeoides (Lukhtanov, 1989)Oeneis glacialis (Moll, 1785) – Alpine GraylingOeneis norna (Thunberg, 1791) – Norse GraylingOeneis philipi (Troubridge, 1988)Oeneis polixenes (Fabricius, 1775) – Polixenes ArcticOeneis rosovi (Kurentzov 1960) – Philip's ArcticThe alpina species-group:
Oeneis alpina (Kurentzov, 1970) – Sentinel ArcticThe hora species-group:
Oeneis aktashi (Lukhtanov, 1984)Oeneis ammosovi (Dubatov & Korshunov, 1988)Oeneis elwesi (Staudinger, 1901)Oeneis hora (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)Oeneis mulla (Staudinger, 1881)The bore species-group:
Oeneis alberta (Elwes, 1893) – Alberta ArcticOeneis ammon (Elwes, 1899)Oeneis bore (Schneider, 1792) – Arctic Grayling or White-veined ArcticOeneis chryxus (Doubleday, 1849) – Brown Arctic or Chryxus ArcticOeneis ivallda (Mead, 1878) – California ArcticOeneis nevadensis (C. & R. Felder, 1866) – Great ArcticOeneis macounii (Edwards, 1885) – Canada Arctic or Macoun's ArcticOeneis tanana (Warren & Nakahara 2016) - AlaskaThe tarpeja species-group:
Oeneis diluta (Lukhtanov, 1994)Oeneis lederi (Alphéraky, 1897)Oeneis mongolica (Oberthür, 1876)Oeneis sculda (Eversmann, 1851)Oeneis tarpeja (Pallas, 1771)Oeneis uhleri (Reakirt, 1866) – Uhler's ArcticOeneis urda (Eversmann, 1847)The buddha species-group:
Oeneis buddha (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891)Oeneis oeno (Boisduval, 1832)
