Oeneis (the arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are arctic, subarctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along in the harshest climates of any butterflies. Four species in Europe, more are found in arctic Russia, Siberia, Mongolia, arctic North America and the Rocky Mountains. Curiously, there are no observations from Greenland. The development of most species takes 2 years.
Listed alphabetically within groups.
The jutta species-group:
Oeneis fulla (Eversmann, 1851)
Oeneis jutta (Hübner, 1805-1806) – Baltic Grayling or Jutta Arctic
Oeneis magna (Graeser, 1888)
Oeneis melissa (Fabricius, 1775) – Melissa Arctic
Oeneis tunga (Staudinger, 1894)
The norna species-group:
Oeneis actaeoides (Lukhtanov, 1989)
Oeneis glacialis (Moll, 1785) – Alpine Grayling
Oeneis norna (Thunberg, 1791) – Norse Grayling
Oeneis philipi (Troubridge, 1988)
Oeneis polixenes (Fabricius, 1775) – Polixenes Arctic
Oeneis rosovi (Kurentzov 1960) – Philip's Arctic
The alpina species-group:
Oeneis alpina (Kurentzov, 1970) – Sentinel Arctic
The hora species-group:
Oeneis aktashi (Lukhtanov, 1984)
Oeneis ammosovi (Dubatov & Korshunov, 1988)
Oeneis elwesi (Staudinger, 1901)
Oeneis hora (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)
Oeneis mulla (Staudinger, 1881)
The bore species-group:
Oeneis alberta (Elwes, 1893) – Alberta Arctic
Oeneis ammon (Elwes, 1899)
Oeneis bore (Schneider, 1792) – Arctic Grayling or White-veined Arctic
Oeneis chryxus (Doubleday, 1849) – Brown Arctic or Chryxus Arctic
Oeneis ivallda (Mead, 1878) – California Arctic
Oeneis nevadensis (C. & R. Felder, 1866) – Great Arctic
Oeneis macounii (Edwards, 1885) – Canada Arctic or Macoun's Arctic
Oeneis tanana (Warren & Nakahara 2016) - Alaska
The tarpeja species-group:
Oeneis diluta (Lukhtanov, 1994)
Oeneis lederi (Alphéraky, 1897)
Oeneis mongolica (Oberthür, 1876)
Oeneis sculda (Eversmann, 1851)
Oeneis tarpeja (Pallas, 1771)
Oeneis uhleri (Reakirt, 1866) – Uhler's Arctic
Oeneis urda (Eversmann, 1847)
The buddha species-group:
Oeneis buddha (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891)
Oeneis oeno (Boisduval, 1832)
