Nominative absolute

In English grammar, a nominative absolute is a free-standing (absolute) part of a sentence that describes the main subject and verb. It is usually at the beginning or end of the sentence, although it can also appear in the middle. Its parallel is the ablative absolute in Latin or the genitive absolute in Greek.

One way to identify a nominative absolute is to add a conjunction and a verb: one can always create a subordinate clause out of a nominative absolute by adding a subordinate conjunction (such as "after" or "because") and a form of the verb to be.

In each case, if a conjunction such as "after" or "because" were added before the nominative absolute as well as the verb "was", the absolute would become a subordinate clause.