Nicolau is a surname that occurs in multiple cultures and languages, including Portuguese and Romanian, and which is derived from the given name Nicolau, a variant of Nicholas. The name may refer to:
Alexandru Nicolau (1889–1937), Romanian political activist
Antoni Nicolau (1858–1933), Spanish composer
Christian Nicolau (born 1947), French athlete
Cristina Nicolau (born 1977), Romanian athlete
Dimitri Nicolau (1946–2008), Italian musician
Ivo Nicolau (born 1983), Portuguese footballer
Melisa Nicolau (born 1984), Spanish footballer
Nick Nicolau (1933–2014), American football coach
Nicky Nicolau (born 1983), Cypriot footballer
Serghei Nicolau (1905–1999), Romanian espionage chief
Ștefan Gh. Nicolau (1874–1970), Romanian physician
Ștefan S. Nicolau (1896–1967), Romanian physician
