Neugebauer is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Gerald Neugebauer, American astronomer
Hans E J Neugebauer, German-American imaging scientist
Marcia Neugebauer, American geophysicist
Otto E. Neugebauer, Austrian-American mathematician and historian of science
Randy Neugebauer, U.S. congressman
Walter Neugebauer (or Valter Nojgebauer), Croatian comic book artist
Other uses
Neugebauer SA, a Brazilian chocolate manufacturing company