Net national product (NNP) refers to gross national product (GNP), i.e. the total market value of all final goods and services produced by the factors of production of a country or other polity during a given time period, minus depreciation. Similarly, net domestic product (NDP) corresponds to gross domestic product (GDP) minus depreciation. Depreciation describes the devaluation of fixed capital through wear and tear associated with its use in productive activities.
In national accounting, net national product (NNP) and net domestic product (NDP) are given by the two following formulas:
Use in economics
Although the net national product is a key identity in national accounting, its use in economics research is generally superseded by the use of the gross domestic or national product as a measure of national income, a preference which has been historically a contentious topic (see e.g. Boulding (1948) and Burk (1948)). Nonetheless, the net national product has been the subject of research on its role as a dynamic welfare indicator as well as a means of reconciling forward and backward views on capital wherein NNP(t) corresponds to the interest on accumulated capital. Furthermore, the net national product has featured prominently as a measure in environmental economics such as within models accounting for the depletion of natural and environmental resources or as an indicator of sustainability.