Neagoe is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Andrei Neagoe (born 1987), Romanian footballer
Eugen Neagoe (born 1967), Romanian footballer and manager
Gogu Neagoe (born 1976), Romanian cartoonist
Nicolae Neagoe (born 1941), Romanian bobsledder
Peter Neagoe (1881–1960), American writer and painter
Robert Neagoe (born 1982), Romanian footballer
Ştefan Neagoe (1838–1897), Romanian educator and writer