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Active region(s) Philippines, United States, Canada, Netherlands, Australia Ideology Anti-Imperialism,
Communism,
Left-wing nationalism,
Progressivism,
Socialism,
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism | ||
The National Democracy movement (also called the National Democratic or ND movement) is a broad-based alliance of left-leaning progressive individuals and organizations seeking comprehensive social, economic, and political justice in the Philippines composed of landless peasants, urban and rural poor, indigenous peoples, oppressed religious minorities, activists, workers, youth, and students. The movement seeks to address what they consider to be the root causes of injustices affecting the Filipino masses in what is analyzed to be a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, by confronting the three fundamental problems of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucrat capitalism.
Contents
The National Democratic Struggle wishes to achieve genuine 'national liberation' for the country and the realization of the democratic rights of the people by expunging the nation of foreign imperialism, landlordism, monopoly capitalists, and corrupt government officials.
History and background
The National Democratic movement has its origins in against former president Ferdinand Marcos during the late 1960s and early 1970s, but in its entirety is interpreted by the ND as a continuation of struggles since the Philippine Revolution led by the Katipunan. As a result of sustained economic, political, and military abuses during the Marcos dictatorship, several figures such as Jose Maria Sison (writing under the eponym Amado Guerrero) proposed that the creation of a mass revolutionary movement of a national democratic character was necessary to overcome the "three basic problems" underpinning the oppressive conditions of Philippine society in the 1970s. Sison's vision uses Marxist–Leninist–Maoist principles for social analysis and in carrying out people's democracy or national democracy:
Under the present concrete conditions of Philippine society which are semicolonial and semifeudal, the Communist Party has to wage a national democratic revolution of a new type, a people's democratic revolution. Though its leadership is proletarian, the Philippine Revolution is not yet a proletarian-socialist revolution. We should not confuse the national-democratic stage and the socialist stage of the Philippine Revolution. Only after the national-democratic stage has been completed can the proletarian revolutionary leadership carry out the socialist revolution as the transitional stage towards communism.
::— Philippine Society and Revolution p.78
Once martial law was lifted in 1981 and Corazon Aquino was elected to the Presidency in 1986 after the People Power Revolution, corruption and abuse of government power remained endemic in the Philippine political system, which according to the ND were exemplified by the Mendiola massacre, the counter-insurgency programs waged against the armed groups of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the New People's Army, embezzlement and graft during the terms of Joseph Estrada and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, and the Hacienda Luisita Massacre (2004). According to the "ND analysis" espoused by Sison and others throughout the 1970s until today, the continuation of human rights violations in the Philippines at the hands of government officials and other social, economic, and political injustices highlight the need of liberating the nation the imperialist forces—primarily led, from what ND proponents identifies, the United States. As a former U.S. colony, the Philippines' dynamic with the United States dates back to the Philippine–American War.
Alliance Organizations
Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (English: New Patriotic Alliance) or BAYAN, Alliance of Concerned Teachers, Anakpawis, Bayan Muna, GABRIELA, and Kabataan Partylist (English: Youth Partylist), to name a few, are among a multitude of organisations that comprise and overlap with the movement. The movement seeks to advance national democracy and freedom from imperialism in the Philippines. The ND movement is interwoven with a larger global alliance: the International League of Peoples' Struggle (ILPS).
A partial list of members: