Narrow gauge railways in Poland

There are hundreds of kilometres of 600 mm (1 ft 11 ⁵⁄₈ in), 750 mm (2 ft 5 ¹⁄₂ in), 785 mm (2 ft 6 ²⁹⁄₃₂ in), and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ³⁄₈ in) narrow-gauge lines in Poland. The metre-gauge lines are mostly found in the northwest part of the country in Pomerania, while 785 mm (2 ft 6 ²⁹⁄₃₂ in) lines are found only in the Upper Silesia region. 750 mm (2 ft 5 ¹⁄₂ in) is the most commonly used narrow gauge; it is used, for example, in the Rogów Narrow Gauge Railway (Rogowska Kolej Wąskotorowa) and in Tarnowskie Góry with the world's oldest narrow-gauge railway in continuous service since 1853. Some narrow-gauge lines in Poland still operate as common carrier (for example the lines operated by SKPL, the Association of Local Railway Haulage), while others survive as tourist attractions. One of the finest of the latter is the 600 mm (1 ft 11 ⁵⁄₈ in) narrow-gauge railway (Żnińska Kolej Powiatowa) running from Żnin via Wenecja (Polish Venice) and famous Biskupin to Gąsawa in the Pałuki region. Railway traditions of Pałuki date back to July 1894 when the first two lines were opened.

From 1930s until the 1960s most of 600mm gauge lines were converted to 750mm (it should be noted, that in a meantime, after World War II Poland lost territories in the east and acquired territories in the west and north). After the war, in 1948–1949, 2984 km of local public railways were nationalized and taken over by the Polish State Railways (PKP). As a result, in 1950 there were 4146 km of PKP narrow-gauge lines, including 1293 km of 600mm gauge and 1127 km of 750mm gauge. There were also 914 km of 1000mm gauge public railways, mostly on ex-German territories. In the 1950s and 1960s, 748 km of 600mm gauge and 275 km of other lines were converted to 750mm. There were also 951 km of forest railways and 724 km of sugar beet railways in 1950, and a number of isolated industrial railways. From the 1960s, narrow-gauge railways started to decline, with the development of road transport. The service on narrow-gauge lines were continued by PKP until 2001. As of 2017, the only narrow-gauge line in Poland with all-year revenue passenger service is Pleszew Local Railway, a 3 km line linking a town of Pleszew with a mainline station located in a nearby village of Kowalew.

In the past, there have also been 760 mm (2 ft 5 ¹⁵⁄₁₆ in), 800 mm (2 ft 7 ¹⁄₂ in) and 900 mm (2 ft 11 ⁷⁄₁₆ in) lines. A 900 mm (2 ft 11 ⁷⁄₁₆ in) recreational line 4.2 km long had been operating in the Amusement-Recreation Park in Chorzów (now converted to 785), Upper Silesia . A similar 600 mm (1 ft 11 ⁵⁄₈ in) line, Kolejka Parkowa Maltanka, operates in Poznań. Some of Poland's narrow-gauge railways are maintained by volunteers; one organization dedicated to preserving narrow-gauge railways is the FPKW, the Polish Narrow Gauge Railways Foundation.

A few tramways also use 1000mm gauge, in Bydgoszcz, Elbląg, Grudziądz, Łódź and Toruń.