Moskalenko is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the name include:
Alexander Moskalenko (born 1969), Russian trampolinistKarinna Moskalenko (born 1954), Russian human rights lawyerKirill Moskalenko (1902–1985), MarshalLarisa Moskalenko (born 1963), Ukrainian sailor who competed for the Soviet Union and Unified TeamNikolay Moskalenko (born 1990), Russian association football goalkeeperTamara A. Moskalenko (probably living), a paleontologistVitaliy Moskalenko (born 1974), Russian triple jumperYaroslav Moskalenko (born 1975), Ukrainian politician, activist, and philanthropist