Moskalenko is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the name include:
Alexander Moskalenko (born 1969), Russian trampolinist
Karinna Moskalenko (born 1954), Russian human rights lawyer
Kirill Moskalenko (1902–1985), Marshal
Larisa Moskalenko (born 1963), Ukrainian sailor who competed for the Soviet Union and Unified Team
Nikolay Moskalenko (born 1990), Russian association football goalkeeper
Tamara A. Moskalenko (probably living), a paleontologist
Vitaliy Moskalenko (born 1974), Russian triple jumper
Yaroslav Moskalenko (born 1975), Ukrainian politician, activist, and philanthropist
