Montagu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Montagu, 13th Duke of Manchester (1962– ), the current Duke of Manchester
Ashley Montagu (1905–1999), anthropologist
Charles Montagu (disambiguation), several persons
Edward Montagu (disambiguation), several persons
Edwin Samuel Montagu (1879–1924), British Liberal politician
Elizabeth Montagu (1718–1800), British bluestocking
Ewen Montagu (1901–1985), British judge, writer and Naval intelligence officer
Felicity Montagu (1960– ), British actress
Frederick Montagu (1733–1800), British politician
George Montagu, 4th Duke of Manchester (1737–1788), British politician and diplomat
George Montagu (naturalist) (1753–1815), British naturalist
George Montagu (Royal Navy officer) (1750–1829)
Heneage Montagu (1675–1698), younger son of Robert Montagu, 3rd Earl of Manchester
Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester (c. 1563 – 1642), English judge, politician and peer
James Montagu (judge) (1666–1723), English barrister, and judge
James Montagu (Royal Navy officer) (1752–1794)
Jennifer Montagu (born 1931), British art historian
John Montagu (disambiguation), several persons
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689–1762), British aristocrat and writer
Lily Montagu (1873-1963), first woman to play a major role in Reform Judaism
Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu (1638–1709), English courtier and diplomat
Lord Robert Montagu (1825–1902), British Conservative politician and member of the Privy Council
Louis Montagu, 2nd Baron Swaythling (1869–1927), British financier and active Jewish anti-Zionist, son of Samuel Montagu, 1st Baron Swaythling
Nicholas Montagu (1944– ), British civil servant
Robert Montagu (disambiguation), several people
Samuel Montagu, 1st Baron Swaythling (1832–1911), British banker, philanthropist and Liberal politician
