Moldenhauer is an ancient German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ernst Moldenhauer, German fencer
Hans Moldenhauer (1901–1929), German tennis player
Hans Moldenhauer (1906–1987), German-American collector, musician and philanthropist. Founder of the Moldenhauer Archives of the Library of Congress
Hans-Georg Moldenhauer (born 1941), German footballer
Henry R. Moldenhauer (1855-1925), American politician and businessman
Paul Moldenhauer (1876–1947), German Finance Minister, economist and politician
Siegfried Moldenhauer (1915–1998), German military officer
Chad and Jared Moldenhauer, founders of Studio MDHR, the development studio notable for the indie video game Cuphead
