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Contracted from the term micro reciprocal degree, the mired is a unit of measurement used to express color temperature. It is given by the formula:
where M is the mired value desired, and T is the color temperature in kelvins.
For convenience, decamireds are sometimes used, with each decamired equaling ten mireds. The SI term for this unit is the reciprocal megakelvin (MK−1), shortened to mirek, but this term has not gained traction.
The use of the term mired dates back to Irwin G. Priest's observation in 1932 that the just noticeable difference between two illuminants is based on the difference of the reciprocals of their temperatures, rather than the difference in the temperatures themselves.
Examples
A blue sky, which has a color temperature T of about 25,000 K, has a mired value of M = 40 mireds, while a standard electronic photography flash, having a color temperature T of 5000 K, has a mired value of M = 200 mireds.
In photography, mireds are used to indicate the color temperature shift provided by a filter or gel for a given film and light source. For instance, to use a tungsten light (3200 K) in natural light (say, 5700 K) without introducing a color cast, one would need a corrective filter or gel providing a mired shift of
This corresponds to a color temperature blue (CTB) filter.