Nationality Irish Children 5 | Occupation Engineer | |
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Born May 28, 1864 ( 1864-05-28 ) County Limerick, Ireland Died 12 October 1934, San Francisco, California, United States Spouse Mary Spottiswood (m. 1890) Education Royal University of Ireland (1884) Books Hetch Hetchy; Its Origin and History - Scholar's Choice Edition Parents Patrick O'Shaughnessy, Margaret O'Donnell | ||
Michael Maurice O'Shaughnessy (May 28, 1864 – October 12, 1934) was an Irish civil engineer who became city engineer for the city of San Francisco during the first part of the twentieth century and developed the Hetch-Hetchy water system.
Contents
Life
Michael O'Shaughnessy was born May 28, 1864 in County Limerick, Ireland. His father Patrick O'Shaughnessy and mother Margaret O'Donnell were farmers. O'Shaughnessy attended school in Limerick and County Tipperary and studied at University College in Cork and University College, Galway, graduating from the Royal University of Ireland in 1884 in Engineering.
On October 21, 1890 he married Mary Spottiswood and had five children.
Career
He emigrated to the U.S. in 1885, sailing from London then traveling to San Francisco overland by train, arriving on March 30, 1885. He first worked as an assistant engineer for the Sierra Valley and Mohawk Railroad. In 1886 he found employment with the Southern Pacific Railroad as a surveyor and worked on layout for the towns of Mill Valley and Sausalito, California. In 1889 he opened an engineering office in the city of San Francisco. He was appointed chief engineer for the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894 in Golden Gate Park in 1890. Later, in 1895, he was awarded a commission by the Mountain Copper Company to design a narrow-gauge railroad, and he began working for the Spring Valley Water Company, a private concern that controlled streams and springs on the San Francisco peninsula, later purchased by the city to become the San Francisco Water Department.
O'Shaughnessy oversaw construction of several major water supply projects in the Hawaiian Islands beginning in 1889. These included aqueducts at Olokele, Koʻolau, Keanaiemaui, and Kohala for sugar plantations. Upon return to California in 1906 he worked on the Morena Dam project outside San Diego and the Merced River Dam for the Crocker Land and Development Company. He also designed and supervised the construction of a water supply system for the city of Port Costa.
San Francisco Mayor James Rolph chose him as chief engineer for the city in September, 1912, convincing him to accept a salary less than half that of his private practice. O'Shaughnessy was uncertain that he wanted the job because in the past, the city had not always paid him for work done. His wife, a native of San Francisco, convinced him to accept. O'Shaughnessy issued dozens of reports during his years in office, nearly all descriptions of engineering projects intended to educate city officials and the general populace. He once complained that he had to run "an engineering school, where, as fast as he could teach the Supervisors what it was all about, the public turned them out and sent him new pupils." In this position O'Shaughnessy supervised the construction of the Twin Peaks Reservoir, the Stockton Street Tunnel, the Twin Peaks Tunnel, the Municipal Railway System and service to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915) along with streets, a high-pressure fire system and new sewers. San Francisco's streetcar system, of which the J, K, L, M, and N lines survive today, was pushed to completion by O'Shaughnessy between 1915 and 1927, but city voters defeated the bond issue he backed in 1927.
Hetch Hetchy
O'Shaughnessy's largest and most controversial project was the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and power project (Lake Eleanor Dam and O'Shaughnessy Dam). While San Francisco rebuilt after the earthquake and fire of 1906 its current water supply was inadequate to meet future growth. Hetch Hetchy began with a dam in the Yosemite and was linked to more than 150 miles (240 km) of tunnels, pumping stations and pipelines to San Francisco. The project involved building not just a dam, but also a 68-mile (109 km)-long railroad, several smaller dams, an aqueduct 156 miles (251 km) long that included 85 miles (137 km) of tunnels, some through solid granite, hydroelectric generating plants and transmission lines.
That the dam was planned for a valley in Yosemite National Park caused significant opposition. One of the most potent opponents was the Sierra Club and its founding President, John Muir. After two vetoes by Teddy Roosevelt, on December 19, 1913, Woodrow Wilson signed the Raker Act. Construction began in 1914. Water from by the dam, named for O'Shaughnessy, crosses the foothills, the San Joaquin Valley, the coast ranges and San Francisco Bay through the Pulgas Water Temple and is stored in the Crystal Springs Reservoir.
O'Shaughnessy lost control of the project in 1932 when the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission was formed. Edward Cahill was appointed to head the new commission and O'Shaughnessy's deputy, Lloyd McAfee, was appointed manager and Chief Engineer for the Hetch Hetchy project. O'Shaughnessy died of a heart attack on October 12, 1934, sixteen days before Yosemite's water was delivered to San Francisco's reservoirs. O'Shaughnessy Boulevard in San Francisco is named for him.
Popular culture
O'Shaughnessy was mentioned in the 2008 film Pineapple Express as Saul Silver's "second favorite civil engineer." Silver also mentioned a rumor that O'Shaughnessy invented the "cross joint" for smoking marijuana. Although not mentioned in the film, Silver was most likely confusing him with William Brooke O'Shaughnessy, who introduced the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa to Western medicine. There is no record of either O'Shaughnessy having invented a "cross joint".