Symbol SraD Rfam RF00078 Domain(s) Bacteria | Alt. Symbols sraD RNA type Gene; sRNA SO 0000655 | |
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The MicA RNA (also known as SraD) is a small non-coding RNA that was discovered in E. coli during a large scale screen. Expression of SraD is highly abundant in stationary phase, but low levels could be detected in exponentially growing cells as well.
Function
This RNA binds the Hfq protein and regulates levels of gene expression by an antisense mechanism. It is known to target the OmpA gene in E. coli and occludes the ribosome binding site. Under conditions of envelope stress, micA transcription is induced. MicA, RybB RNA and MicL RNA transcription is under the control of the sigma factor sigma(E). MicA is known to interact with the mRNA encoding the quorum sensing synthase homolog, LuxS in E.coli and both RNAs are processed by the double stranded RNA endonuclease, RNase III. Based on its conservation, this is presumably the case in close relatives and may serve as a long elusive link between envelope stress and quorum sensing.
The PhoPQ two-component system is repressed by MicA. The RNA presumably pairs with the ribosomal binding site of phoP mRNA, thereby inhibiting translation. This links micA to cellular processes such as Mg(2+) transport, virulence, LPS modifications and resistance to antimicrobial peptides.
In S. typhimurium MicA has been shown to be involved in biofilm formation.
Site directed mutagensis has been used to construct mutated forms of MicA forms in order to investigate the RNA determinants important to its stability and function. Each 'domain' investigated ( 5′linear domain, the structured region with two stem-loops, the A/U-rich sequence and the 3′ poly(U) tail) was altered without affecting the overall secondary structure of MicA however, each 'domain' was found to have a different impact on stability and the ability of MicA to regulate its multiple targets.