Melson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Boyd Melson, American boxer
C.W. Melson (1929-81), American politician
Charles L. Melson (1904-1981), American admiral
Joe Melson (born May 1935), American singer and songwriter
Robert Melson, professor emeritus of political science and Jewish studies at Purdue University
Isaac Melson Meekins (1875–1946), U.S. federal judge