Melander is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anders Melander of Nationalteatern, Swedish progg rock group from the 1970s that featured leftist political lyrics
Ann Melander (born 1961), Swedish former alpine skier who competed in the 1980 and 1984 Winter Olympics
Axel Leonard Melander (1878–1962), American entomologist specialising in Diptera and Hymenoptera
Dennis Melander (born 1983), Swedish footballer
Elisabeth Charlotte Melander (1640–1707), Countess of Holzappel from 1648 to 1707 and Schaumburg from 1656 to 1707
Frederik Melander, character in a series of ten novels by Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö, collectively titled The Story of a Crime
Hilda Melander (born 1991), Swedish tennis player
Johan Melander (1910–1989), Norwegian banker
Jon Melander, retired American football offensive guard
Peter Melander Graf von Holzappel (1589–1648), Protestant military leader in the Thirty Years' War, Chief of the imperial troops of the League of 1647
Sven Melander (born 1947), Swedish journalist, comedian, TV show host and actor