Melançon is a French surname which is often spelled Melancon in English. The meaning of Melançon is an ill man; sick. Notable people with the surname include:
Charlie Melancon (born 1947), U. S. representative for Louisiana
Gerard Melancon (born 1967), American thoroughbred jockey
Joliane Melançon (born 1986), Canadian judoka
Larry Melancon (born 1955), American thoroughbred jockey
Marcel J. Melançon, Canadian philosopher and scientist
Mark Melancon (born 1985), American professional baseball pitcher
Meiling Melançon (born 1980), American actress, writer, director and producer
Pierre-Yves Melançon, Canadian politician
Robert Melançon (born 1947), Canadian writer
Tucker L. Melancon (born 1946), American judge
Rydell Melancon (born 1962), American football player