The Media Capture API is a web standard under development to allow web applications to access the media capture capabilities of a device (typically a Smartphone or other Mobile Internet device). This would allow a web application to include a function to record audio via the device's microphone, and take a picture or record a video with the device's camera.
The standard currently exists as a "Working draft" under development by the World Wide Web Consortium, and is supported in the Android browser (from version 3.0+).
References
Media Capture API Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA