Matsuoka (松岡) meaning "pine hill" is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Hiromu Matsuoka (born 1947), Japanese baseball player
Hiroshi Masuoka (born 1960), Japanese rally driver
Isao Matsuoka (born 1934), Japanese film studio executive
Jōji Matsuoka (born 1961), Japanese film director
Kent Matsuoka (born 1974), Japanese American film producer
Kikko Matsuoka (born 1947), Japanese actress
Mayu Matsuoka (born 1995), Japanese actress
Shuzo Matsuoka (born 1967), Japanese tennis player
Takashi Matsuoka (born 1954), Japanese American writer
Toshikatsu Matsuoka (1945-2007), Japanese politician
Yoky Matsuoka (born 1972), Japanese American computer scientist
Yoshitsugu Matsuoka (born 1986), Japanese voice actor
Yoshiyuki Matsuoka (born 1957), Japanese judoka
Yōsuke Matsuoka (1880-1946), Japanese diplomat
Yuki Matsuoka (born 1970), Japanese voice actor