Mathewson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Christy Mathewson (1880–1925), baseball player
Courtney Mathewson, water polo player
Elisha Mathewson (1767–1853), US senator
George Mathewson, Chairman of the Royal Bank of Scotland
Henry Mathewson, baseball pitcher
Katherine Mathewson, Canadian political candidate
Ron Mathewson, jazz musician