Matheny is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dmitri Matheny, American jazz flugelhornistJason Gaverick Matheny, American academicJim Matheny (born 1936), American football playerJudd Matheny (born 1970), American Tennessee State RepresentativeLuke Matheny (born 1976), American actor, writer and directorMatt Matheny (born 1970), American college basketball coachMike Matheny (born 1970), Major League Baseball managerRay Matheny, professor of anthropology at Brigham Young UniversityTaylor Matheny (born 1979), American retired professional wrestlerWilliam A. Matheny (died 1973), United States Air Force general