Matheny is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dmitri Matheny, American jazz flugelhornist
Jason Gaverick Matheny, American academic
Jim Matheny (born 1936), American football player
Judd Matheny (born 1970), American Tennessee State Representative
Luke Matheny (born 1976), American actor, writer and director
Matt Matheny (born 1970), American college basketball coach
Mike Matheny (born 1970), Major League Baseball manager
Ray Matheny, professor of anthropology at Brigham Young University
Taylor Matheny (born 1979), American retired professional wrestler
William A. Matheny (died 1973), United States Air Force general