The Mataruge are an extinct tribe of non-Slavic origin recorded at the end of medieval period in the region of modern-day Montenegro and Albania. Different version of their name include Matranga and Matarango. The name Mataruge is derived from the name of the spears used by warriors from this tribe. It is assumed that they belong to group of indigenous Balkan tribes which were first partially or completely Romanized and then Slavicized. In Bosnian scholarship, and according to Karl Kaser, the Mataruge during the late medieval period are attributed to a Vlach and/or Albanian background, or being a combination of both peoples, that emerged out of Romanized and semi-Romanized indigenous Balkan tribes.
According to legends, Mataruge were only a part of larger, regarded the oldest, tribe of the region, the Španje. It is assumed that ancient tribes of Balkans were already completely or partially Romanized before Slavs overwhelmed them at the end of the 6th century. When they received an influx of Serbs into their society, Mataruge mixed with them. It is assumed that they imposed name of their tribe to some groups of Serbs. Mataruge were frequently mentioned in historical documents of 14th and 15th century as a pasture society, with some of the most prominent of them being organizers of caravans for transport of salt and other goods from the seaside into mainlands. The Albanian noble family of Mataranga is mentioned since 13th century. In the regions of Grahovo, (Old Herzegovina) the Mataruge were mentioned between 1318 and 1398. With the Ottoman advance in their region, Mataruge, together with other ancient tribes, such as Kriči and Macure, migrated from Montenegro to the west and north-west. According to some late 19th century legends, the Mataruge were one of the brotherhoods of the Kriči tribe.
Names of many toponyms in Montenegro and Serbia are derived from the name of this tribe, such as Mataruška Banja, Mataruge in Pljevlja and Mataruge in Kraljevo.