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Marcel Alexandre Bertrand

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Nationality
  
France

Role
  
Geologist

Name
  
Marcel Bertrand


Alma mater
  
Ecole Polytechnique

Fields
  
Known for
  
Orogeny

Marcel Alexandre Bertrand httpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommons11

Died
  
February 13, 1907, Paris, France

Parents
  
Joseph Louis Francois Bertrand

Siblings
  
Joseph Louis Francois Bertrand

Grandparents
  
Alexandre Jacques Francois Bertrand

Education
  
Mines ParisTech, Ecole Polytechnique

Marcel Alexandre Bertrand (July 2, 1847 – February 13, 1907) was a French geologist born in Paris. He was the son of mathematician Joseph Louis François Bertrand (1822–1900), and son-in-law to physicist Éleuthère Mascart (1837-1908).

He studied at the École Polytechnique, and beginning in 1869 he attended the Ecole des Mines de Paris. From 1877 he carried out geological mapping studies of Provence, the Jura Mountains and the Alps. In 1886, he became an instructor at the École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, and in 1896 became a member of the Académie des sciences.

Bertrand, a founder of modern tectonics, originated an orogenic "wave theory" of mountain-building and introduced the nappe hypothesis (nappe de charriage). His wave theory described a build-up of massive folds of earth taking place over successive geological eras, called the Caledonian, Hercynian and Alpine periods of orogeny. Bertrand later added a fourth event called the Huronian orogeny, which took place 2400 to 2100 million years ago, in Precambrian time.

In 1890 he was named president of the Société géologique de France. The Concours de Géologie twice awarded him the Prix Vaillant (1886 and 1890); he also won the Prix Fontannes (of the Société géologique de France) in 1888 and the Prix Petit d'Ormoy in 1893.

Selected works

  • Études dans les Alpes françaises. structure en éventail, massifs amygdaloïdes et métamorphisme 1894 – Studies of the French Alps.
  • Sur la structure du mont Joly près de Saint-Gervais (Haute-Savoie), 1896 – On the Mount Joly structure near Saint-Gervais (Haute-Savoie).
  • Les chaînes septentrionales des Alpes bernoises, 1899 – The northern chain of the Bernese Alps.
  • La grande nappe de recouvrement de la Basse-Provence, 1899 – The large nappe layer of Lower Provence.
  • Mémoire sur les refoulements qui ont plissé l’écorce terrestre et sur le rôle des déplacements horizontaux, 1908.
  • Œuvres géologiques de Marcel Bertrand (with Emmanuel de Margerie; 3 volumes, 1927–31) – Geological works of Marcel Bertrand.
  • References

    Marcel Alexandre Bertrand Wikipedia


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