 | ||
Manja (or manjha) is the abrasive string used for fighter kites in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan. It is gummed, coloured and coated with powdered glass. In Brazil, the mix of glue and powdered glass is called "cerol". In Chile, the sharp thread is called "hilo curado" (fixed or drunk, thread).
Contents
Kites are flown throughout the year and during special kite flying festivals in the region. Two fighters will entangle the glass powder coated manja while flying their kites in the sky and try to cut off the string of each other's kites by pulling it.
The winner's kite keeps flying while the loser's kite gets cut and drifts away with the wind. Children and/or adults run after a cut kite and try to capture it when it falls to the ground, a practice called kite running.
Recipe
Traditional recipes use rice gluten, tree gums and similar natural ingredients, and the exact recipe is often a closely guarded secret of the individual maker. By contrast this is a modern recipe used by some in Tamil Nadu:
Ingredients
The water is boiled with the addition of vajram, to which is added a paste of maida and finely powdered glass pieces to make a thick colloidal solution and the abrasives are added. The colouring is added, while stirring is continued to make a thick paste without the sedimentation of the glass and abrasives.
Threat to birds and human life
Manja can be dangerous to birds and to humans.
In Chile the use of "hilo curado" is forbidden by law, only exceptions are allowed for professional kite flyers in secured locations, only with threads for competition, coated with silicon powder. "Chilean government ban manja lines".
Many people also get seriously injured and lose their lives when they fall off rooftops when flying and fighting kites and handling the manja reels and vigorously pulling or releasing it during battle of the kites. In the Indian subcontinent kites are generally flown and fought from the rooftops of houses.
Kite running is the practice of running after drifting kites in the sky that have been cut loose in battle with other kites.
Both kite runners and kite fighters die or endanger their lives because they run into the path of oncoming traffic and trains without looking down or fall from trees and buildings which they were trying to scale to get at kites that landed on top while gazing up and running after kites. They may walk around in the middle of congested towns and cities and while gazing up may be dangerously unaware of what is happening on the ground in their immediate surroundings causing injuries and collisions with traffic.
Individuals are also injured or killed by lacerations inflicted by the abrasive strings of fighting kites.
August 2016 Delhi incident
On 15 August 2016, three people were killed in a single day during a kiting incident involving Manja in Delhi, India. The incident came after 500 birds were treated after being injured by kite strings.
The first death occurred when a 4-year-old boy had his throat cut by the kite when he was looking out of the sunroof on the vehicle that he was inside. The second death happened when a man, aged 22, also got cut on the neck by the kite, but this time he was riding on a motorcycle. The third and final death occurred in a similar way as the first death, in which a child, this time a 3-year-old female, was looking out of the sunroof on her vehicle. Instead of having her throat immediately cut by the kite, she was strangled by the string, which then caused a cut to her throat which resulted in her death. They were all killed by manja.
Chennai incident
Early of 2016 around 4 people killed by Manja while riding bike in Chennai and surroundings. One more incident happened on March 7,2017 due to this manja. A guy who rided motor cycle with his father on Tambaram Bye pass road near at Chennai.He died immediately due to cut in throat and father got injuries. After the incident, many people voiced their support for a nationwide ban of manja.