Type Settlement | ||
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Location Manda, Jammu and Kashmir, India Cultures Indus Valley Civilization Weather 14°C, Wind NE at 11 km/h, 57% Humidity | ||
Manda is a village near Jammu in India. It is considered to be the most northern site belonging to the Indus Valley Civilisation. It was excavated by Archaeological Survey of India during 1976-77 by J. P. Joshi.
Contents
Excavation
Excavation at Manda revealed a 9.20 m deposit with threefold sequence with two sub periods in Period I. Period II has early historical pottery of types comparable with those of same period from Northern part of India and period III is represented by Kushan antiquities and house walls with 3 m wide street. After the Kushan period, the site seems to have been deserted.
Historical significance
Manda is situated on the right bank of Chenab River in the foothills of Pir Panjal range, 28 km northwest of Jammu, and considered as northern most limit of Indus Valley or Harappan Civilisation.
It is considered as a site established to procure wood from Himalayan Sub hills and send downriver to other towns of Indus Valley Civilisation. As this site is situated at Himalayan foothills, it gets significance by establishing northernmost limit of geological boundary of Indus Valley Civilisation.
Artefacts found
Pre Harappan Red ware (15%-25%) Harappan Red ware including Jars, dishes, dishes-on-stand, beakers, goblets etc. and Copper double spiral headed spin (having west Asian affinity), tangled bone arrow-heads, terracotta bangles, cakes, chert blade etc.
Significant finds include Potsheds bearing incised Harappan Script and one unfinished seal.
Further scope
Due to restricted nature of dig undertaken, no specific structures could be exposed, except a collapsed rubble wall like structure.