Malinovsky (Russian: Малиновский), or Malinovskaya (feminine; Малиновская) is a Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexey Malinovsky (1762–1840), Russian historian and academician
Mark Malinovsky (1851–1876 or 1877), Russian revolutionary
Mikhail Malinovsky (1880–?), Russian obstetrician, gynaecologist, and academician
Rodion Malinovsky (1898–1967), Soviet military commander and the Defense Minister of the Soviet Union
Roman Malinovsky (1876–1918), agent provocateur of the Okhrana
Vasily Demut-Malinovsky (1779–1846), Russian sculptor
Vasily Malinovsky (1765–1814), Russian publicist and enlightener
Alexander Bogdanov (1873–1928), real last name Malinovsky, Russian physician, philosopher, economist, science fiction writer, and revolutionary
Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (1884–1942) Polish anthropologist