Madariaga is a Basque surname. It is derived from word madari (Basque for pear) Notable people with the surname include:
Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga, KOGF (born 1942), Spanish physicist and Socialist politicianJoaquín Madariaga (1799–1848), soldier and Argentine politicianJosé Cortés de Madariaga (born 1766), South American patriotJuan Madariaga (1809–1879), Argentine general who participated in the civil wars of the nineteenth centuryJulen Madariaga (born 1932), Basque Spanish politician and lawyer who co-founded the Basque armed separatist group ETA in 1959Modesto Madariaga (1904–1974), Spanish aviation mechanicNieves de Madariaga or Nieves Mathews (1917–2003), author of Scottish and Spanish parentageSalvador de Madariaga (1886–1978), Spanish diplomat, writer, historian and pacifist