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The Lwów–Warsaw school (Polish: Szkoła lwowsko-warszawska) was a Polish school of thought founded by Kazimierz Twardowski in 1895 in Lwów.
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Although the members represented a variety of disciplines, from mathematics through logic to psychology, the School is widely considered to have been a philosophical movement. Developed in the 1920s and 1930s, the school's work was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Despite this, the members went on and fundamentally influenced modern science, notably mathematics and logic, in the post-war period. Perhaps the most prominent member of this school, Alfred Tarski, has been ranked as one of the four greatest logicians of all time — along with Aristotle, Gottlob Frege, and Kurt Gödel.
In modern Polish science, the philosopher Jan Woleński considers himself close to the heritage of the school. In 2013 Woleński was awarded by the Foundation for Polish Science for a comprehensive analysis of the work of the Lwów–Warsaw school and for placing its achievements within the international discourse of contemporary philosophy.
History
The Lwów–Warsaw school of logic lay at the origin of Polish logic and was closely associated with the Warsaw school of mathematics. It began as a more general philosophical school but steadily moved toward logic. In the 1930s Alfred Tarski initiated contacts with the Vienna Circle. In addition to Brentano, his pupils Anton Marty, Alexius Meinong and Edmund Husserl also considerably influenced Polish philosophy and the Lwów–Warsaw school.
Principal topics of interest to that school included formal ontology, mereology, and universal or categorial grammar.
Members
As mentioned above, many of the school's members worked in more than one field.