This is a list of the mammal species recorded in the Philippines.
There are 210 native mammal species in the Philippines, excluding those of the order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) and extinct species (Pleistocene Epoch), of which around six are critically endangered, around thirteen are endangered, around thirty are vulnerable, and around two are near-threatened. Eight of the species listed for the Philippines have been extinct since the Pleistocene Epoch. One fossil species of Sirenia has been found in Palawan and could have been extinct since the Miocene, the east-most fossil remains of any Sirenia in history. Though there are also extinct deer and pig fossil remains known in the Philippine not yet included in this list, as well as other buffalo and small mammal species from the Pleistocene Epoch. One species which became extinct in the 13th to possibly the 16th century, the Asian elephant, which was transported to the Sultanate of Sulu and Maguindanao but became extinct on those areas or were transported back to Sabah for unknown reasons. One former species, Acerodon lucifer is now extinct, but is now highly regarded as part of the species Acerodon jubatus today, thus, the species still thrives in the archipelago, but is locally extinct on the island of Panay.
Seven species in the country have been introduced for agriculture, transportation, companionship, and tourism and has played significant roles in the livelihood of the people, one species was introduced for unknown purpose, the sika deer which evolved into as separate subspecies on Jolo Island, while three species (introduced accidentally through ships), are worldwide pests: black and brown rat, and the house mouse.
The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on: 1.) The Synopsis of Philippine Mammals by Smithsonian Institution, 2.) Recent articles on species discovery in the country, 3.) Domesticated profiles, and 4.) Those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
Elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals. Three species that lived in prehistoric times used to live in the Philippines, until their extinction. One species, the Asian elephant - unknown subspecies like those on Sabah, once lived in both the Sultanate of Sulu and Maguindanao, though became extinct on those areas because of hunting and/or were transported back to Sabah for unknown reasons.
Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
Genus: Elephas
Elephant species Elephas sp. EX prehistoric: Found in Iloilo, Panay Island
Asian elephant Elephas maximus EN - EX in Philippines - Introduced in the 13th-16th? century from Sabah in the reign of the Sultanate of Sulu, and became extinct on Maguindanao or were transported back to Sabah. Bone fragments were the only proof left behind.
Family: Stegodontidae
Genus: Stegodon
Luzon stegodon Stegodon luzonensis EX prehistoric
Mindanao stegodon Stegodon mindanensis EX prehistoric
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered. One species occur in the Philippines. One fossil species has been discovered in the Philippines in 2011. The fossil hasn't yet been extracted from the rocks in fear of destroying the natural heritage caves of Palawan which are protected by Philippine Law. Future technology in fossil extraction is the only way to get and identify the fossil remain in peace according to the scientists who found the remains.
Family: Dugongidae
Genus: Dugong
Dugong Dugong dugon VU
Palawan fossil sirenia Dugong sp.? EX Miocene
The treeshrews are small mammals native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Although called treeshrews, they are not true shrews and are not all arboreal. Three species occur in the Philippines, though the Calamian treeshrew is not yet fully considered by the IUCN as a full separate species because assessment is not yet done at present to confirm the movement as of 2013.
Family: Tupaiidae (tree shrews)
Genus: Tupaia
Calamian treeshrew Tupaia moellendorffi DD
Palawan tree shrew Tupaia palawanensis VU
Genus: Urogale
Mindanao treeshrew Urogale everetti VU
The two species of colugos make up the order Dermoptera. They are arboreal gliding mammals found in Southeast Asia. Only one species occurs in the Philippines and is endemic to the Mindanao Faunal region.
Family: Cynocephalidae (flying lemurs)
Genus: Cynocephalus
Philippine flying lemur Cynocephalus volans VU
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes. Three species occurs in the Philippines, one of which is endemic.
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: Lemuriformes
Superfamily: Lorisoidea
Family: Lorisidae (lorises, bushbabies)
Genus: Nycticebus
Bornean slow loris Nycticebus menagensis LR/lc Note: The species on the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines may be Nycticebus kayan, like those in northern Borneo. Though more biological data is needed.
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Tarsiiformes
Family: Tarsiidae (tarsiers)
Genus: Carlito
Philippine tarsier Carlito syrichta DD Note: Those in Dinagat Islands may be of a different subspecies because they are the biggest in the Mindanao Faunal Region. Those on Sarangani may be of different species as well. Further field research and work is heavily needed.
Leyte-Samar tarsier Carlito syrichta syrichta
Bohol tarsier Carlito syrichta fraterculus
Mindanao tarsier Carlito syrichta carbonarius
Dinagat tarsier Carlito sp. - by the UP Institute of Biology
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
Genus: Macaca
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis LR/nt
Philippine long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis philippensis NT
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb). 86 native species occurs in the Philippines as of 2014, most endemic to the archipelago. One discovered fossil species is extinct since the Pleistocene Epoch.The number of species is speculated to rise more because of the high endemic concentration on the islands which are mostly isolated from Mainland Asia in prehistoric times. There are also three introduced species of rodents in the archipelago, the most common introduced rodents, house mouse, black rat, and the brown rat which are considered worldwide pests.
Suborder: Hystricognathi
Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
Genus: Hystrix
Philippine porcupine Hystrix pumila LR/lc
Suborder: Sciurognathi
Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Subfamily: Sciurinae
Tribe: Pteromyini
Genus: Hylopetes
Palawan flying squirrel Hylopetes nigripes LR/nt
Genus: Petinomys
Basilan flying squirrel Petinomys crinitus LR/lc
Mindanao flying squirrel Petinomys mindanensis LC
Subfamily: Callosciurinae
Genus: Exilisciurus
Philippine pygmy squirrel Exilisciurus concinnus LR/lc
Genus: Sundasciurus
Davao squirrel Sundasciurus davensis LR/lc
Busuanga squirrel Sundasciurus hoogstraali LR/lc
Northern Palawan tree squirrel Sundasciurus juvencus EN
Mindanao squirrel Sundasciurus mindanensis LR/lc
Culion tree squirrel Sundasciurus moellendorffi LR/nt
Philippine tree squirrel Sundasciurus philippinensis LR/lc
Palawan montane squirrel Sundasciurus rabori VU
Samar squirrel Sundasciurus samarensis VU
Southern Palawan tree squirrel Sundasciurus steerii LR/nt
Palawan white squirrel no scientific name yet but may be it belongs to the genus of Sundasciurus DD
Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
Subfamily: Murinae
Genus: Abditomys
Luzon broad-toothed rat Abditomys latidens LR/lc
Genus: Anonymomys
Mindoro rat Anonymomys mindorensis VU
Genus: Apomys
Luzon Cordillera forest mouse Apomys abrae LR/lc
Luzon montane forest mouse Apomys datae LR/lc
Large Mindoro forest mouse Apomys gracilirostris VU
Mt. Apo forest mouse Apomys hylocoetes LR/lc
Mindanao montane forest mouse Apomys insignis LR/lc
Mindanao lowland forest mouse Apomys littoralis LR/lc
Small Luzon forest mouse Apomys microdon LR/lc
Least forest mouse Apomys musculus LR/lc
Long-nosed Luzon forest mouse Apomys sacobianus VU
Camiguin forest mouse Apomys camiguinensis VU
Aurora forest mouse Apomys aurorae
Banahaw forest mouse Apomys banahao
Mt. Tapulao forest mouse or Brown's forest mouseApomys brownorum
Lowland Banahaw forest mouse Apomys magnus
Mingan forest mouse Apomys minganensis
Sierra Madre forest mouse Apomys sierrae
Zambales forest mouse Apomys zambalensis
Lubang Island forest mouse Apomys sp. - scientifically published in January 2014
Mt. Irid forest mouse Apomys sp. - scientifically published in January 2014
Genus: Archboldomys
Mt Isarog shrew-mouse Archboldomys luzonensis EN
Sierra Madre shrew mouse Archboldomys musseri
Cordillera shrew-mouse Archboldomys kalinga LC
Genus: Batomys
Large-toothed hairy-tailed rat Batomys dentatus DD
Luzon forest rat Batomys granti LR/lc
Mindanao hairy-tailed rat Batomys salomonseni LR/lc
Hamiguitan hairy-tailed rat Batomys hamiguitan DD
Dinagat hairy-tailed rat Batomys russatus
Fossil batomys Batomys sp. EX Pleistocene
Genus: Bullimus
Bagobo rat Bullimus bagobus LR/lc
Camiguin forest rat Bullimus gamay
Luzon forest rat Bullimus luzonicus LR/lc
Genus: Carpomys
Short-footed Luzon tree rat Carpomys melanurus DD
White-bellied Luzon tree rat Carpomys phaeurus DD
Genus?: Celaenomys Note: There is no DNA and Morphological Distinction to put this as a new genus, rather, it still may belong to the original Genus, Chrotomys.
Blazed Luzon shrew rat Celaenomys silaceus LR/nt
Genus: Chiropodomys
Palawan pencil-tailed tree mouse Chiropodomys calamianensis LR/lc
Genus: Chrotomys
Isarog striped shrew-rat Chrotomys gonzalesi NT
Mindoro striped rat Chrotomys mindorensis LR/lc
Luzon striped rat Chrotomys whiteheadi VU
Blazed Luzon shrew rat Celaenomys silaceus LR/nt
Sibuyan striped shrew rat Chrotomys sibuyanensis
Genus: Crateromys
Dinagat Island cloud rat Crateromys australis EN
Panay cloudrunner Crateromys heaneyi EN
Ilin Island cloudrunner Crateromys paulus CR
Luzon bushy-tailed cloud rat Crateromys schadenbergi VU
Genus: Crunomys
Northern Luzon shrew rat Crunomys fallax DD
Mindanao shrew rat Crunomys melanius LR/lc
Celebes shrew rat Crunomys celebensis EN
Katanglad shrew mouse Crunomys suncoides
Genus: Haeromys
Lesser ranee mouse Haeromys pusillus VU
Genus: Limnomys
Gray-bellied mountain rat Limnomys bryophilus LC
Mindanao mountain rat Limnomys sibuanus LR/lc
Genus: Maxomys
Palawan spiny rat Maxomys panglima LR/nt
Genus: Mus
House mouse Mus musculus LC - introduced
Genus: Musseromys
Banahaw tree-mouse Musseromys gulantang not evaluated
Genus: Palawanomys
Palawan soft-furred mountain rat Palawanomys furvus EN
Genus: Phloeomys
Southern Luzon giant cloud rat Phloeomys cumingi VU
Northern Luzon giant cloud rat Phloeomys pallidus LR/nt
Genus: Rattus
Rice-field rat Rattus argentiventer LR/lc
Philippine forest rat Rattus everetti LR/lc
Polynesian rat Rattus exulans LR/lc
Mindoro black rat Rattus mindorensis VU
Himalayan field rat Rattus nitidus LR/lc
Brown rat Rattus norvegicus LC - introduced
Black rat Rattus rattus LC - introduced
Tanezumi rat Rattus tanezumi LC
Tawi-tawi forest rat Rattus tawitawiensis VU
Malayan field rat Rattus tiomanicus LR/lc
Genus: Rhynchomys
Banahao shrew-rat Rhynchomys banahao DD
Isarog shrew rat Rhynchomys isarogensis VU
Mt. Data shrew rat Rhynchomys soricoides LR/lc
Zambales shrew-rat Rhynchomys tapulao DD
Genus: Sundamys
Müller's giant Sunda rat Sundamys muelleri LR/lc
Genus: Tarsomys
Long-footed rat Tarsomys apoensis LR/lc
Spiny long-footed rat Tarsomys echinatus VU
Genus: Tryphomys
Luzon short-nosed rat Tryphomys adustus VU
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats. 2 species occurs in the Philippines as of 2013, though speculation persists that perhaps there will be future moonrat species on Leyte, Samar, Basilan, or even Bohol, because they were also once part of the Mindanao Faunal Region like Mindanao and Dinagat.
Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
Subfamily: Galericinae
Genus: Podogymnura
Dinagat moonrat Podogymnura aureospinula EN
Mindanao moonrat Podogymnura truei EN
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers. 12 species occurs in the Philippines, most of them are endemic.
Family: Soricidae (shrews)
Subfamily: Crocidurinae
Genus: Crocidura
Grey shrew Crocidura attenuata LR/lc
Batak shrew Crocidura batakorum
Mindanao shrew Crocidura beatus VU
Mt. Malindang shrew Crocidura grandis EN
Luzon shrew Crocidura grayi VU
Mindoro shrew Crocidura mindorus EN
Negros shrew Crocidura negrina CR
Sibuyan shrew Crocidura ninoyi not evaluated
Palawan shrew Crocidura palawanensis VU
Panay shrew Crocidura panayensis
Taiwanese gray shrew Crocidura tanakae LC -info from Field Museum
Genus: Suncus
Asian house shrew Suncus murinus LR/lc
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. 90 Species occur in the Philippines, though the exact number of species is truly unknown because of the uneven distribution of bat species in Southeast Asia and Australasia. More additional field survey is needed in all of the 7,107 islands of the country archipelago to determine the exact species that occurs in the country, and to know the exact number of species that actually lives in the archipelago.
Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
Subfamily: Pteropodinae
Genus: Acerodon (flying fox)
Giant golden-crowned flying fox Acerodon jubatus EN Note: the now extinct Panay giant fruit bat was once considered a separate species, living in Panay Island, but is now included in Acerodon jubatus.
Palawan fruit bat Acerodon leucotis VU
Genus: Alionycteris
Mindanao pygmy fruit bat Alionycteris paucidentata VU
Genus: Cynopterus
Lesser short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis LR/lc
Peters's fruit bat Cynopterus luzoniensis LC
Genus: Desmalopex
Mottle-winged flying fox Desmalopex leucopterus
Mindoro pallid flying fox Desmalopex microleucopterus
Genus: Dobsonia
Philippine bare-backed fruit bat Dobsonia chapmani CR
Genus: Dyacopterus
Dayak fruit bat Dyacopterus spadiceus LR/nt
Rickart's dyak fruit bat Dyacopterus rickarti not evaluated
Genus: Haplonycteris
Philippine pygmy fruit bat Haplonycteris fischeri VU
Genus: Harpyionycteris
harpy fruit bat Harpyionycteris whiteheadi LR/lc
Genus: Megaerops
White-collared fruit bat Megaerops wetmorei LR/lc
Genus: Nyctimene
Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat Nyctimene rabori EN
Genus: Otopteropus
Luzon fruit bat Otopteropus cartilagonodus VU
Genus: Ptenochirus
Greater musky fruit bat Ptenochirus jagori LR/lc
Lesser musky fruit bat Ptenochirus minor LR/lc
Genus: Pteropus
Ryukyu flying fox or Ryukyu fruit bat Pteropus dasymallus NT
Gray flying-fox Pteropus griseus LR/lc
Small flying-fox Pteropus hypomelanus LR/lc
White-winged flying fox Pteropus leucopterus EN
Mearns's flying fox Pteropus mearnsi DD
Little golden-mantled flying fox Pteropus pumilus NT
Philippine gray flying fox Pteropus speciosus DD
Large flying fox Pteropus vampyrus LR/lc
Genus: Styloctenium (striped-faced fruit bats)
Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat Styloctenium mindorensis not evaluated
Subfamily: Rousettinae
Genus: Rousettus
Geoffroy's rousette Rousettus amplexicaudatus LR/lc
Subfamily: Macroglossinae
Genus: Macroglossus
Long-tongued nectar bat Macroglossus minimus LR/lc
Genus: Eonycteris
Greater dawn bat Eonycteris major DD
Lesser dawn bat Eonycteris spelaea LC
Philippine dawn bat Eonycteris robusta NT
Family: Vespertilionidae
Subfamily: Kerivoulinae
Genus: Kerivoula
Hardwicke's woolly bat Kerivoula hardwickii LR/lc
Papillose woolly bat Kerivoula papillosa
Clear-winged woolly bat Kerivoula pellucida LR/lc
Whitehead's woolly bat Kerivoula whiteheadi LR/lc
Genus: Phoniscus
Peter's trumpet-eared bat Phoniscus jagorii LR/lc
Subfamily: Myotinae
Genus: Myotis
Peters's myotis Myotis ater LR/lc
Hodgson's bat Myotis formosus LR/lc
Horsfield's bat Myotis horsfieldii LR/lc
Pallid large-footed myotis Myotis macrotarsus LR/nt
Whiskered myotis Myotis muricola LR/lc
Orange-fingered myotis Myotis rufopictus
Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
Genus: Falsistrellus
Pungent pipistrelle Falsistrellus mordax LR/nt
Peters's pipistrelle Falsistrellus petersi LR/lc
Genus: Glischropus
Common thick-thumbed bat Glischropus tylopus LR/lc
Genus: Philetor
Rohu's bat Philetor brachypterus LR/lc
Genus: Pipistrellus
Java pipistrelle Pipistrellus javanicus LR/lc
Least pipistrelle Pipistrellus tenuis LR/lc
Narrow-winged pipistrelle Pipistrellus stenopterus
Genus: Scotophilus (yellow bats)
Greater Asiatic yellow bat Scotophilus heathi LR/lc
Lesser Asiatic yellow bat Scotophilus kuhlii LR/lc
Genus: Tylonycteris (bamboo bats)
Lesser bamboo bat Tylonycteris pachypus LR/lc
Greater bamboo bat Tylonycteris robustula LR/lc
Subfamily: Murininae
Genus: Harpiocephalus (hairy-winged bats)
Lesser hairy-winged bat Harpiocephalus harpia LR/lc
Genus: Murina
Round-eared tube-nosed bat Murina cyclotis LR/lc
Brown tube-nosed bat Murina suilla
Subfamily: Miniopterinae
Genus: Miniopterus
Little long-fingered bat Miniopterus australis LR/lc
Intermediate long-fingered bat Miniopterus medius LR/lc
Small bent-winged bat Miniopterus pusillus LR/lc
Schreibers' long-fingered bat Miniopterus schreibersii LC
Great bent-winged bat Miniopterus tristis LR/lc
Family: Molossidae
Genus: Chaerephon (Old World free-tailed bats)
Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat Chaerephon plicata LR/lc
Genus: Cheiromeles (hairless bats)
Lesser naked bat Cheiromeles parvidens LC
Hairless bat Cheiromeles torquatus LR/nt
Genus: Mops
Sulawesi free-tailed bat Mops sarasinorum LR/nt
Genus: Otomops
Otomops sp. - unknown species, caught by Field Museum
Family: Emballonuridae
Genus: Emballonura
Small Asian sheath-tailed bat Emballonura alecto LR/lc
Genus: Saccolaimus (pouched bats)
Naked-rumped pouched bat Saccolaimus saccolaimus LR/lc
Genus: Taphozous (tomb bats)
Black-bearded tomb bat Taphozous melanopogon LR/lc
Family: Megadermatidae
Genus: Megaderma
Lesser false vampire bat Megaderma spasma LR/lc
Family: Rhinolophidae
Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Genus: Rhinolophus (horseshoe bats)
Acuminate horseshoe bat Rhinolophus acuminatus LR/lc
Andersen's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus anderseni DD
Arcuate horseshoe bat Rhinolophus arcuatus LR/lc
Bornean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus borneensis LC
Creagh's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus creaghi NT
Philippine forest horseshoe bat Rhinolophus inops DD
Big-eared horseshoe bat Rhinolophus macrotis LR/lc
Large-eared horseshoe bat Rhinolophus philippinensis LR/nt
Large rufous horseshoe bat Rhinolophus rufus LR/nt
Small rufous horseshoe bat Rhinolophus subrufus VU
Yellow-faced horseshoe bat Rhinolophus virgo LR/nt
Family: Hipposiderinae
Genus: Coelops (tailless leaf-nosed bats)
Philippine tailless leaf-nosed bat Coelops hirsutus DD
Genus: Hipposideros (roundleaf bats)
Dusky roundleaf bat Hipposideros ater LR/lc
Bicolored roundleaf bat Hipposideros bicolor LR/lc
Fawn roundleaf bat Hipposideros cervinus LR/lc
Large Mindanao roundleaf bat Hipposideros coronatus LR/nt
Diadem roundleaf bat Hipposideros diadema LR/lc
Large Asian roundleaf bat Hipposideros lekaguli LR/nt
Philippine forest roundleaf bat Hipposideros obscurus LR/nt
Philippine pygmy roundleaf bat Hipposideros pygmaeus LR/nt
The order Philodota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species. One species occurs in the Philippines, the Philippine pangolin which was elevated to full species status from the Sunda pangolin.
Family: Manidae
Genus: Manis
Philippine pangolin Manis culionensis LR/nt
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. The number of cetacea species that occur in the Philippines is critically unsure. More research and field work is needed to confirm the exact number.
Suborder: Mysticeti
Family: Balaenopteridae
Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
Genus: Balaenoptera
Minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt
Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis EN
Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni DD
Blue whale Baleenoptera musculus EN
Omura's whale Baleanoptera omurai DD
Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus EN
Subfamily: Megapterinae
Genus: Megaptera
Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae VU
Suborder: Odontoceti
Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Family: Phocoenidae
Genus: Neophocaena
Finless porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides DD
Family: Kogiidae
Genus: Kogia
Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps LR/lc
Dwarf sperm whale Kogia sima LR/lc
Family: Physeteridae
Genus: Physeter
Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus VU
Family: Ziphidae
Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
Genus: Mesoplodon
Blainville's beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris DD
Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
Genus: Indopacetus
Tropical bottlenose whale Indopacetus pacificus DD
Genus: Ziphius
Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris LR/lc
Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
Genus: Steno
Rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis DD
Genus: Sousa
Sousa chinensis DD
Genus: Tursiops
Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus DD
Common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus LR/lc
Genus: Stenella
Pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata LR/cd
Striped dolphin Stenella cueruleoalba LR/lc
Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris LR/cd
Gray's spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris longirostris
Dwarf spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris roseiventris
Genus: Lagenodelphis
Fraser's dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei DD
Genus: Grampus
Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus DD
Genus: Peponocephala
Melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra LR/lc
Genus: Feresa
Pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata DD
Genus: Orcinus
Orca Orcinus orca LR/cd
Genus: Pseudorca
False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
Genus: Globicephala
Pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd
Genus: Orcaella
Irrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris DD
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Seven native species occurs in the Philippines, the second smallest number of carnivore species in any of the Asia-Pacific region countries, next to East Timor. And the smallest number in Southeast Asia compared to land size. One species or subspecies has been introduced: the domestic cat, although its origin is uncertain whether it originated from the leopard cat (though thought by some as introduced in the Visayas from Palawan) in the country or migrated with the Malays, or from Spain and America, or more than two of the former theories. Two subspecies are introduced to the country, the dingo which became extinct 15,000 years ago (dingo migration theory), and the aspin (term for domestic dog in the Philippines) which probably evolved from the dingo. One tiger subspecies is extinct in the Philippines that once thrived in the Holocene to the Pleistocene.
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Felinae
Genus: Felis
Domestic cat Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus - introduced
Genus: Prionailurus
Leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis LC
Palawan leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis heaneyi
Visayan leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis rabori
Subfamily: Pantherinae
Genus: Panthera
Tiger Panthera tigris EN - EX in Philippines in Palawan Island (Holocene to Pleistocene) Note: The subspecies of the tiger bones found in Palawan is unsure, though it is closer to the Sumatran tiger
Family: Viverridae (civets, mongooses, etc.)
Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
Genus: Arctictis
Binturong Arctictis binturong LR/lc
Palawan binturong Arctictis binturong whitei not evaluated, probably VU
Genus: Paradoxurus
Asian palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus LR/lc
Genus: Viverra
Malayan civet Viverra tangalunga LR/lc
Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
Genus: Herpestes
Short-tailed mongoose Herpestes brachyurus LR/lc
Palawan short-tailed mongoose Herpestes brachyurus parvus or possibly Herpestes palawanus
Suborder: Caniformia
Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Genus: Canis (dogs)
Dingo Canis lupus dingo VU - extinct in Philippines 15,000 years ago (dingo migration theory) Note: dingos are the closest relative of aspins, making them their possible ancestors.
Aspin or domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris
Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
Genus: Mydaus
Palawan stink badger Mydaus marchei VU
Genus: Aonyx
Oriental small-clawed otter Aonyx cinerea NT
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. One species was introduced from Malaysia (probably from Saudi Arabia) and was bred with those that were imported from Spain when the Spaniards built the Spanish East Indies in the Philippines in the 16th century. One species used to occur in the Philippines in the Pleistocene Epoch, but died out for unknown reason.
Family: Equidae
Genus: Equus
Wild horse Equus ferus
Domestic horse Equus ferus caballus - domesticated when introduced, Note: The first horses were introduced by Malays, then the second wave from the Spaniards, thus creating a unique Malay-Spanish breed of horse.
Philippine horse - domesticated
Family: Rhinocerotidae
Genus: Rhinoceros
Philippine rhinoceros Rhinoceros philippinensis EX Pleistocene
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. 10 native species occur in the Philippines, including the Sus populations in Tawi-tawi Province which are the only Bornean bearded pigs in the country. 2 species is extinct since the Pleistocene Epoch, though there are also other pig, deer, and buffalo species extinct since the Pleistocene Epoch not listed in this list because they need further research, naming, and placement of family and genus. 5 introduced species occurs in the country: 1.) The carabao, which originated from the water buffalo in Mainland Asia, 2.) The domesticated goat - Philippine breed, 3.) The domesticated pig, though some domesticated pigs in the country originated from native Sus species like those of Banaue, 4.) The domestic cattle, which hybridized from the banteng, and Mexican domestic cattle, forming the breed, Philippine cattle which is further divided into 4 varieties, 5.) The Jolo sika deer which was anciently introduced to Sulu (unknown date, unknown subspecies origin), though it might be already extinct.
Family: Suidae (pigs)
Subfamily: Suinae
Genus: Sus Note: New Undescribed Species might be present in Tawi-tawi in ARMM, Bilatan in Dinagat Islands Area, and Tablas Island in Romblon Province.
Palawan bearded pig Sus ahoenobarbus VU
Bornean bearded pig Sus barbatus LR/lc, probably CR in the Philippines.
Visayan warty pig Sus cebifrons CR Note: Those on Masbate Island might still exist though sight of pigs on the island are now at present extremely rare or none at all. More field research and conducts are needed.
Cebu warty pig Sus cebifrons cebifrons EX
Negros warty pig Sus cebifrons negrinus CR
Panay warty pig Sus cebifrons -?- - Possible new subspecies (Tomowo Ozawa pers. comm. and in prep))
Oliver's warty pig Sus oliveri EN
Philippine warty pig Sus philippensis VU
Luzon warty pig Sus philippensis philippensis
Mindanao warty pig Sus philippensis mindanensis
Sulu warty pig Sus grovesi - This species was described in 2003 in an unpublished manuscript by Karen Rose and Peter Grubb but their analysis remains to be confirmed through additional craniometric and genetic analysis.
Wild boar Sus scrofa - domesticated when introduced
Domestic pig Sus scrofa domesticus or Sus domesticus - domesticated
Family: Tragulidae
Genus: Tragulus
Philippine mouse-deer Tragulus nigricans EN
Family: Cervidae (deer)
Subfamily: Cervinae
Genus: Cervus
Philippine spotted deer Cervus alfredi EN Note: Both Possible subspecies have been separated for ten thousand years or so, thus subspecies clarification can be done, but no significant studies on DNA difference has yet been conducted.
Panay spotted deer Cervus alfredi -?- - Difference unstudied
Negros spotted deer Cervus alfredi -?- - Difference unstudied
Philippine sambar Cervus mariannus VU
Luzon deer Cervus mariannus marianna
Mindoro deer Cervus mariannus barandana
Upland Mindanao deer Cervus mariannus nigella
Lowland Mindanao deer Cervus mariannus nigricans
Palawan Cervus Cervus sp. EX since Pleistocene, found in Mainland Palawan
Sika deer Cervus nippon
Jolo sika deer Cervus nippon soloensis Anciently introduced in Jolo island (unknown subspecies origin), probably extinct DD
Genus: Axis
Calamian deer Axis calamianensis EN
Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
Subfamily: Bovinae
Genus: Bos
Cattle Bos primigenius - domesticated/introduced
Philippine cattle - domesticated
Batanes black cattle - feral
Batangas cattle - domesticated
Ilocos cattle - domesticated
Iloilo cattle - domesticated
Genus: Bubalus
Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis - domesticated/introduced
Carabao Bubalus bubalis carabanesis - domesticated
Tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis CR Note: dwarf buffalo also once existed on Luzon and Panay but the species clarification is uncertain.
Cebu dwarf buffalo Bubalus cebuensis EX Pleistocene
Subfamily: Caprinae
Genus: Capra
Wild goat Capra aegagrus - domesticated when introduced
Domesticated goat Capra aegagrus hircus - domesticated/introduced
Philippine goat
