This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Russia. There are 266 mammal species in Russia, of which 5 are critically endangered, 13 are endangered, 26 are vulnerable, and 6 are near-threatened. One of the species listed for Russia is extinct and one can no longer be found in the wild.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
Family: Dugongidae
Subfamily: Hydrodamalinae
Genus: Hydrodamalis
Steller's sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas EX
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
Suborder: Sciurognathi
Family: Castoridae (beavers)
Genus: Castor
European beaver Castor fiber LC
Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Subfamily: Sciurinae
Tribe: Sciurini
Genus: Sciurus
Red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris LC
Tribe: Pteromyini
Genus: Pteromys
Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans LR/nt
Subfamily: Xerinae
Tribe: Marmotini
Genus: Marmota
Gray marmot Marmota baibacina LR/lc
Bobak marmot Marmota bobak LR/cd
Black-capped marmot Marmota camtschatica LR/lc
Tarbagan marmot Marmota sibirica LR/lc
Genus: Spermophilus
Daurian ground squirrel Spermophilus dauricus LR/lc
Red-cheeked ground squirrel Spermophilus erythrogenys LR/lc
Russet ground squirrel Spermophilus major LR/nt
Little ground squirrel Spermophilus pygmaeus LR/lc
Speckled ground squirrel Spermophilus suslicus VU
Long-tailed ground squirrel Spermophilus undulatus LR/lc
Genus: Tamias
Siberian chipmunk Tamias sibiricus LR/lc
Family: Gliridae (dormice)
Subfamily: Leithiinae
Genus: Dryomys
Forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula LR/nt
Genus: Muscardinus
Hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius LR/nt
Subfamily: Glirinae
Genus: Glis
Edible dormouse Glis glis LR/nt
Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
Subfamily: Allactaginae
Genus: Allactaga
Small five-toed jerboa Allactaga elater LR/lc
Great jerboa Allactaga major LR/lc
Genus: Pygeretmus
Dwarf fat-tailed jerboa Pygeretmus pumilio LR/lc
Subfamily: Cardiocraniinae
Genus: Salpingotus
Heptner's pygmy jerboa Salpingotus heptneri LR/nt
Subfamily: Dipodinae
Genus: Dipus
Northern three-toed jerboa Dipus sagitta LR/lc
Genus: Stylodipus
Thick-tailed three-toed jerboa Stylodipus telum LR/lc
Subfamily: Sicistinae
Genus: Sicista
Northern birch mouse Sicista betulina LR/nt
Caucasian birch mouse Sicista caucasica LR/lc
Long-tailed birch mouse Sicista caudata EN
Kazbeg birch mouse Sicista kazbegica DD
Kluchor birch mouse Sicista kluchorica DD
Altai birch mouse Sicista napaea LR/lc
Severtzov's birch mouse Sicista severtzovi LR/lc
Strand's birch mouse Sicista strandi LR/lc
Southern birch mouse Sicista subtilis LR/nt
Family: Spalacidae
Subfamily: Myospalacinae
Genus: Myospalax
False Zokor Myospalax aspalax LR/lc
Manchurian Zokor Myospalax epsilanus LR/nt
Siberian Zokor Myospalax myospalax LR/lc
Transbaikal Zokor Myospalax psilurus LR/lc
Subfamily: Spalacinae
Genus: Spalax
Russian mole rat Spalax giganteus VU
Greater mole rat Spalax microphthalmus VU
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Cricetinae
Genus: Cricetulus
Chinese striped hamster Cricetulus barabensis LR/lc
Long-tailed dwarf hamster Cricetulus longicaudatus LR/lc
Gray dwarf hamster Cricetulus migratorius LR/nt
Genus: Cricetus
European hamster Cricetus cricetus LR/lc
Genus: Mesocricetus
Ciscaucasian hamster Mesocricetus raddei LR/lc
Genus: Phodopus
Campbell's dwarf hamster Phodopus campbelli LR/lc
Roborovski hamster Phodopus roborovskii LR/lc
Winter white Russian dwarf hamster Phodopus sungorus LR/lc
Genus: Tscherskia
Greater long-tailed hamster Tscherskia triton LR/lc
Subfamily: Arvicolinae
Genus: Alticola
Gobi Altai mountain vole Alticola barakshin LR/lc
Lemming vole Alticola lemminus LR/lc
Large-eared vole Alticola macrotis LR/lc
Flat-headed vole Alticola strelzowi LR/lc
Tuva silver vole Alticola tuvinicus LR/lc
Genus: Arvicola
Water vole Arvicola terrestris LR/lc
Genus: Chionomys
Caucasian snow vole Chionomys gud LR/nt
Robert's snow vole Chionomys roberti LR/nt
Genus: Clethrionomys
Bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus LR/lc
Grey red-backed vole Clethrionomys rufocanus LR/lc
Northern red-backed vole Clethrionomys rutilus LR/lc
Shikotan vole Clethrionomys sikotanensis LR/nt
Genus: Dicrostonyx
Arctic lemming Dicrostonyx torquatus LR/lc
Wrangel lemming Dicrostonyx vinogradovi CR
Genus: Lagurus
Steppe lemming Lagurus lagurus LR/lc
Genus: Lasiopodomys
Brandt's vole Lasiopodomys brandtii LR/lc
Genus: Lemmus
Amur lemming Lemmus amurensis LR/lc
Norway lemming Lemmus lemmus LR/lc
Brown lemming Lemmus sibiricus LR/lc
Genus: Microtus
Field vole Microtus agrestis LR/lc
Common vole Microtus arvalis LR/lc
Daghestan pine vole Microtus daghestanicus LR/lc
Evorsk vole Microtus evoronensis CR
Reed vole Microtus fortis LR/lc
Narrow-headed vole Microtus gregalis LR/lc
North Siberian vole Microtus hyperboreus LR/lc
Juniper vole Microtus juldaschi LR/lc
Maximowicz's vole Microtus maximowiczii LR/lc
Middendorf's vole Microtus middendorffi LR/lc
Mongolian vole Microtus mongolicus LR/lc
Muisk vole Microtus mujanensis CR
Nasarov's vole Microtus nasarovi LR/nt
Altai vole Microtus obscurus LR/lc
Tundra vole Microtus oeconomus LC
Southern vole Microtus rossiaemeridionalis LR/lc
Sakhalin vole Microtus sachalinensis LR/nt
European pine vole Microtus subterraneus LR/lc
Genus: Myopus
Wood lemming Myopus schisticolor NT
Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
Subfamily: Gerbillinae
Genus: Meriones
Mid-day jird Meriones meridianus LR/lc
Tamarisk jird Meriones tamariscinus LR/lc
Mongolian jird Meriones unguiculatus LR/lc
Subfamily: Murinae
Genus: Apodemus
Striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius LR/lc
Yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis LR/lc
Yellow-breasted field mouse Apodemus fulvipectus LR/lc
Korean field mouse Apodemus peninsulae LR/lc
Black Sea field mouse Apodemus ponticus LR/lc
Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus LC
Ural field mouse Apodemus uralensis LR/lc
Genus: Micromys
Harvest mouse Micromys minutus LR/nt
Genus: Rattus
Brown rat Rattus norvegicus LR/lc
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
Genus: Ochotona
Alpine pika Ochotona alpina LR/lc
Daurian pika Ochotona dauurica LR/lc
Northern pika Ochotona hyperborea LR/lc
Pallas's pika Ochotona pallasi LR/lc
Steppe pika Ochotona pusilla LC
Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
Genus: Oryctolagus
European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus LR/lc
Genus: Lepus
European hare Lepus europaeus LR/lc
Manchurian hare Lepus mandshuricus LR/lc
Alaskan hare Lepus othus LR/lc
Mountain hare Lepus timidus LR/lc
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Genus: Erinaceus
Amur hedgehog Erinaceus amurensis LR/lc
Southern white-breasted hedgehog Erinaceus concolor LR/lc
West European hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus LR/lc
Genus: Mesechinus
Daurian hedgehog Mesechinus dauuricus LR/lc
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
Family: Soricidae (shrews)
Subfamily: Crocidurinae
Genus: Crocidura
Gueldenstaedt's shrew Crocidura gueldenstaedtii LR/lc
Ussuri white-toothed shrew Crocidura lasiura LR/lc
Bicolored shrew Crocidura leucodon LR/lc
Siberian shrew Crocidura sibirica LR/lc
Lesser white-toothed shrew Crocidura suaveolens LR/lc
Subfamily: Soricinae
Tribe: Nectogalini
Genus: Neomys
Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens LR/lc
Tribe: Soricini
Genus: Sorex
Common shrew Sorex araneus LR/lc
Laxmann's shrew Sorex caecutiens LR/lc
Kamchatka shrew Sorex camtschatica LR/lc
Siberian large-toothed shrew Sorex daphaenodon LR/lc
Slender shrew Sorex gracillimus LR/lc
Taiga shrew Sorex isodon LR/lc
Paramushir shrew Sorex leucogaster VU
Eurasian least shrew Sorex minutissimus LR/lc
Eurasian pygmy shrew Sorex minutus LR/lc
Ussuri shrew Sorex mirabilis LR/lc
Portenko's shrew Sorex portenkoi LR/lc
Radde's shrew Sorex raddei LR/lc
Flat-skulled shrew Sorex roboratus LR/lc
Caucasian shrew Sorex satunini LR/lc
Tundra shrew Sorex tundrensis LR/lc
Long-clawed shrew Sorex unguiculatus LR/lc
Caucasian pygmy shrew Sorex volnuchini LR/lc
Family: Talpidae (moles)
Subfamily: Talpinae
Tribe: Desmanini
Genus: Desmana
Russian desman Desmana moschata VU
Tribe: Talpini
Genus: Mogera
Large mole Mogera robusta LR/lc
Genus: Talpa
Siberian mole Talpa altaica LR/lc
Caucasian mole Talpa caucasica LR/lc
European mole Talpa europaea LR/lc
Levantine mole Talpa levantis LR/lc
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
Family: Vespertilionidae
Subfamily: Myotinae
Genus: Myotis
Sakhalin myotis Myotis abei DD
Bechstein's bat Myotis bechsteini VU
Lesser mouse-eared bat Myotis blythii LR/lc
Far eastern myotis Myotis bombinus LR/nt
Brandt's bat Myotis brandti LR/lc
Long-fingered bat Myotis capaccinii VU
Pond bat Myotis dasycneme VU
Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii LR/lc
Geoffroy's bat Myotis emarginatus VU
Fraternal myotis Myotis frater LR/nt
Ikonnikov's bat Myotis ikonnikovi LR/lc
Big-footed myotis Myotis macrodactylus LR/lc
Whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus LR/lc
Natterer's bat Myotis nattereri LR/lc
Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
Genus: Barbastella
Barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus VU
Genus: Eptesicus
Gobi big brown bat Eptesicus gobiensis LR/lc
Northern bat Eptesicus nilssoni LR/lc
Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus LR/lc
Genus: Nyctalus
Birdlike noctule Nyctalus aviator LR/nt
Greater noctule bat Nyctalus lasiopterus LR/nt
Lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri LR/nt
Common noctule Nyctalus noctula LR/lc
Genus: Pipistrellus
Nathusius' pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii LR/lc
Genus: Plecotus
Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus LR/lc
Genus: Vespertilio
Parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus LR/lc
Asian parti-colored bat Vespertilio superans LR/lc
Subfamily: Murininae
Genus: Murina
Greater tube-nosed bat Murina leucogaster LR/lc
Ussuri tube-nosed bat Murina ussuriensis EN
Subfamily: Miniopterinae
Genus: Miniopterus
Schreibers' long-fingered bat Miniopterus schreibersii LC
Family: Molossidae
Genus: Tadarida
European free-tailed bat Tadarida teniotis LR/lc
Family: Rhinolophidae
Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Genus: Rhinolophus
Mediterranean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale VU
Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LR/nt
Lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros LC
Mehely's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus mehelyi VU
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
Suborder: Mysticeti
Family: Balaenidae
Genus: Balaena
Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus LR/cd
Genus: Eubalaena
North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica EN
Family: Balaenopteridae
Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
Genus: Balaenoptera
Minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt
Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis EN
Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus EN
Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus EN
Subfamily: Megapterinae
Genus: Megaptera
Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae VU
Family: Eschrichtiidae
Genus: Eschrichtius
Gray whale Eschrichtius robustus LR/cd
Suborder: Odontoceti
Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Family: Physeteridae
Genus: Physeter
Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus VU
Family: Monodontidae
Genus: Monodon
Narwhal Monodon monoceros DD
Genus: Delphinapterus
Beluga Delphinapterus leucas VU
Family: Phocoenidae
Genus: Phocoena
Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena VU
Genus: Phocoenoides
Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli LR/cd
Family: Ziphidae
Genus: Ziphius
Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris DD
Genus: Berardius
Giant beaked whale Berardius bairdii LR/cd
Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
Genus: Hyperoodon
Bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus LR/cd
Genus: Mesoplodon
Stejneger's beaked whale Mesoplodon stejnegeri DD
Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
Genus: Tursiops
Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus DD
Genus: Stenella
Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
Genus: Delphinus
Common dolphin Delphinus delphis LR/lc
Genus: Lagenorhynchus
Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus LR/lc
White-beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris LR/lc
Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens LR/lc
Genus: Lissodelphis
Northern right whale dolphin Lissodelphis borealis LR/lc
Genus: Grampus
Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus DD
Genus: Pseudorca
False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
Genus: Orcinus
Killer whale Orcinus orca LR/cd
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae (cats)
Subfamily: Felinae
Genus: Acinonyx
Asiatic cheetah Acinonyx jubatus venaticus EX
Genus: Felis
Common jungle cat Felis chaus chaus LC
Mongolian Pallas's Cat Felis manul manul NT
European wildcat Felis silvestris silvestris LC
Genus: Lynx
Northern lynx Lynx lynx lynx LC
Altai lynx Lynx lynx wardi LC
Siberian lynx Lynx lynx wrangeli LC
Irkutsk lynx Lynx lynx kozlovi LC
Amur lynx Lynx lynx stroganovi LC
Genus: Prionailurus
Leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis LC
Subfamily: Pantherinae
Genus: Panthera
Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica EX
Amur leopard Panthera pardus orientalis CR
Persian leopard Panthera pardus ciscaucasica EN
Siberian tiger Panthera tigris altaica EN
Caspian tiger Panthera tigris virgata EX
Genus: Uncia
Snow leopard Uncia uncia EN
Suborder: Caniformia
Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Genus: Vulpes
Corsac fox Vulpes corsac LC
Arctic fox Vulpes lagopus LC
Red fox Vulpes vulpes LC
Genus: Nyctereutes
Raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides LC
Genus: Canis
Tundra wolf Canis lupus albus LC
Steppe wolf Canis lupus campestris LC
Tibetan wolf Canis lupus chanco LC
Eurasian wolf Canis lupus lupus LC
Hokkaido wolf Canis lupus hattai EX
Genus: Cuon
Ussuri dhole Cuon alpinus alpinus EN
Tien Shan dhole Cuon alpinus hesperius EN
Family: Ursidae (bears)
Genus: Ursus
Eurasian brown bear Ursus arctos arctos LC
Kamchatka brown bear Ursus arctos beringianus LR/lc
East Siberian brown bear Ursus arctos arctos LR/lc
Ussuri brown bear Ursus arctos lasiotus VU
Polar bear Ursus maritimus VU
Ussuri black bear Ursus thibetanus ussuricus VU
Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
Genus: Mustela
Mountain weasel Mustela altaica LR/lc
Stoat Mustela erminea LR/lc
Steppe polecat Mustela eversmannii LR/lc
European mink Mustela lutreola EN
Least weasel Mustela nivalis LR/lc
European polecat Mustela putorius LR/lc
Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica LR/lc
Genus: Vormela
Marbled polecat Vormela peregusna LR/lc
Genus: Martes
Yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula LR/lc
Beech marten Martes foina LR/lc
Pine marten Martes martes LR/lc
Sable Martes zibellina LR/lc
Genus: Gulo
Wolverine Gulo gulo VU
Genus: Meles
Common badger Meles meles meles LC
Siberian badger Meles leucurus sibiricus LC
Genus: Lutra
European otter Lutra lutra NT
Genus: Enhydra
Sea otter Enhydra lutris EN
Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
Genus: Callorhinus
Northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus VU
Genus: Eumetopias
Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus EN
Genus: Zalophus
Japanese sea lion Zalophus japonicus EX
Family: Odobenidae
Genus: Odobenus
Walrus Odobenus rosmarus LR/lc
Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
Genus: Cystophora
Hooded seal Cystophora cristata LR/lc
Genus: Erignathus
Bearded seal Erignathus barbatus LR/lc
Genus: Halichoerus
Grey seal Halichoerus grypus LR/lc
Genus: Histriophoca
Ribbon seal Histriophoca fasciata LR/lc
Genus: Monachus
Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus CR
Genus: Pagophilus
Harp seal Pagophilus groenlandicus LR/lc
Genus: Phoca
Spotted seal Phoca largha LR/lc
Common seal Phoca vitulina LR/lc
Genus: Pusa
Caspian seal Pusa caspica VU
Ringed seal Pusa hispida LR/lc
Nerpa Pusa sibirica LR/nt
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
Genus: Equus
Tarpan Equus ferus ferus EX
Mongolian wild ass Equus hemionus hemionus NT
Turkmenian kulan Equus hemionus kulan EN
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
Family: Suidae (pigs)
Subfamily: Suinae
Genus: Sus
Boar Sus scrofa LR/lc
Family: Moschidae
Genus: Moschus
Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus VU
Family: Cervidae (deer)
Subfamily: Cervinae
Genus: Cervus
Central European red deer Cervus elaphus hippelaphus LR/lc
Altai wapiti Cervus canadensis sibiricus LR/lc
Manchurian wapiti Cervus canadensis xanthopygus LR/lc
Manchurian sika deer Cervus nippon mantchuricus LR/lc
Subfamily: Capreolinae
Genus: Alces
Eurasian elk Alces alces alces LR/lc
Yakutia moose Alces alces pfizenmayeri LR/lc
Ussurian moose Alces alces cameloides LR/lc
Chukotka moose Alces alces burulini LR/lc
Genus: Capreolus
Roe deer Capreolus capreolus LR/lc
Siberian roe deer Capreolus pygargus LR/lc
Genus: Rangifer
Reindeer Rangifer tarandus LR/lc
Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
Subfamily: Antilopinae
Genus: Procapra
Zeren Procapra gutturosa LC
Genus: Saiga
Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica CR
Subfamily: Bovinae
Genus: Bison
Wisent Bison bonasus VU
Subfamily: Caprinae
Genus: Ovibos
Muskox Ovibos moschatus LC
Genus: Capra
Bezoar ibex Capra aegagrus aegagrus VU
West Caucasian tur Capra caucasica EN
East Caucasian tur Capra cylindricornis VU
Siberian ibex Capra sibrica LR/lc
Genus: Nemorhaedus
Long-tailed goral Nemorhaedus caudatus VU
Genus: Ovis
Argali Ovis ammon VU
Snow sheep Ovis nivicola LR/cd
Genus: Rupicapra
Chamois Rupicapra rupicapra LR/lc
