The list does not include names which are commonly translated by the common set of English first names:
names of saints (John of the Cross), popes (John Paul II),
royalty, nobility and emperors (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Napoleon)
It also does not include:
pseudonyms and stagenames (such as the librettist Metastasio)
naturalised name changes (such as George Frideric Handel born Georg Friedrich Händel, naturalised British subject in 1727, Arnold Schoenberg, born Arnold Schönberg, US citizen in 1941)
Modern convention is not to translate modern personal names.
John Abeel (c.1732–1836), English/Dutch name of Seneca diplomat Gaiänt'wakê; also used the more literal English translation "Cornplanter," which is in more common use today
Georgius Agricola (1494–1555) Latin name of German mineralogist Georg Bauer or Georg Pawer.
Rodolphus Agricola (1444–1485), Latin name of German humanist Roelof Huysman.
Alchabitius (d.967) Latin name of astrologer Abu al-Saqr al-Qabisi.
Mark Antony (or Marc Antony) (83–30 BCE), Roman military leader and politician – from Latin Marcus Antonius
Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Italian theologian, Tommaso d'Aquino
Averroës (d.1198), Latin name of Ibn Rushd, Abu-i-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad, greatest Aristotelian philosopher of the Muslim world.
Avicenna (980–1037 CE) Latin name of Ibn Sina.
Theodore Beza (1519–1605), French theologian – Latinized surname from French Théodore de Bèze.
George Brankovic (1461–1516), Đorđe Branković, Serbian despot
Joseph Brant (1743–1807), English name of Seneca warrior Thayendanegea
John Cabot (1450–1499), Italian navigator and explorer under the commission of Henry VII of England – from Venetian Zuan Chabotto.
John Calvin (1509–1564), Swiss-French theologian – from French Jean Calvin
Catiline (108–62 BCE), politician and conspirator – from Latin Lucius Sergius Catilina, anglicised cognomen
Christopher Columbus (1451–1506), navigator and explorer – from Italian Cristoforo Colombo
Comenius (1592–1670) Latin surname form of name of Czech religious reformer Jan Amos Komenský
Copernicus (1473–1543), astronomer – Latinised name, in his youth Niclas Koppernigk
Peter of Bruys (fl. 1117 – c. 1131), French preacher – from Pierre de Bruys
Peter Damian (c. 1007 – 1072), Italian cardinal – from Italian Pietro Damiani, Latin Petrus Damiani.
Francis David (c. 1510 – 1579), old anglicization of Hungarian non-trinitarian Ferenc Dávid.
Denis the Carthusian (1402–1471), Dutch mystic Denys van Leeuwen.
George Enyedi (1555–1597), old anglicization of Hungarian bishop György Enyedi (Unitarian), in Latin Georgius Eniedinus
Hugo Etherianis (1115–1182) Italian secretary in Constantinople, Latin Hugh Etherianus from Italian Ugo Eteriano.
Pete Fountain (1930–2016), English name of Louisiana French clarinetist Pierre LaFontaine, Jr.
Grotius (1583– ) Latin name of Dutch writer Hugh de Groot.
Henry of Ghent (c. 1217 – 1293), French Augustinian, from Latin Henricus de Gandavo, French Henri de Gand.
Homer (c. 8th – 7th century BCE), poet – from Greek Ὅμηρος (Hómēros).
Horace (65–8 BCE), poet – from Latin Quintus Horatius Flaccus, anglicised nomen gentile.
John of Damascus (645 or 676 – 749) Syrian monk and priest, Greek Ἰωάννης ὁ Δαμασκηνός Iōannēs ho Damaskēnos, from Arabic Yuḥannā Al Demashqi.
John Hus (1369–1415), Czech religious reformer – now more normally referred to by Czech name Jan Hus.
Flavius Josephus (37–93 or 100 CE) Latin name of Greek-language Jewish writer Joseph ben Matthias.
Thomas à Kempis (1380–1471), German theologian – English use of French name, from German de:Thomas von Kempen.
Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), real Swedish name of the Swedish biologist, who later wrote his name in French style as Carl von Linné
Livy (59 BCE–17 CE), historian – from Latin Titus Livius Patavinus, anglicised nomen gentile.
Peter Lombard, (c. 1096 – 1164) Italian theologian – Latin Petrus Lombardus, Italian Pietro Lombardo
Ferdinand Magellan (c. 1480 – 1521) navigator and explorer – from Portuguese Fernão de Magalhães.
Maimonides (1135–1204) Greek name of Mosheh ben Maimon (משה בן מימון) of Cordova who wrote in Arabic as Mūsā ibn Maymūn.
Maresius (1599–1673) Latin surname of French Reformer Samuel Des Marets.
Mercator (1512–1594), Latin surname of Flemish cartographer Gheert Cremer.
Nahmanides (1194 – c. 1270), Greek name of Moshe ben Nahman, Catalan rabbi.
Nostradamus (1503–1566) Latin surname of French seer Michel de Nostredame
Ovid (43 BCE–17/18 CE), poet – from Latin Publius Ovidius Naso, anglicised nomen gentile.
Paul of Venice (1368–1428) Italian theologian – Latin Paulus Venetus, Italian Paolo da Venezia.
Peter of Ravenna (c. 1448 – 1508) Italian jurist – Pietro da Ravenna
Petrarch (1304–1374), poet – Latin surname of Francesco Petrarca.
Pompey (106–48 BCE), Roman military leader and politician – from Latin Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Regiomontanus (1436–1476), Latin surname of German mathematician Johannes Müller von Königsberg
William of Salicet (1210–1277) Italian surgeon Guglielmo da Saliceto
Salmasius (1588–1653), Latin surname of French classical scholar Claude Saumaise.
George Santayana (1863–1952), English name of Spanish-American writer Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás
Michael Servetus (1511–1553), Latin name of Spanish non-trinitarian Miguel Servet.
Nicolas Steno (1638–1686), anatomist, geologist and bishop (and saint) – abbreviation of Latin Stenonis from Danish Niels Stensen.
Stephanus (1503–1559), Latin surname of French printer Robert Estienne first to print the Bible divided into standard numbered verses.
Stunica (d.1531), Latin surname of Spanish humanist Diego López de Zúñiga (theologian)
Terence (195/185–159 BCE), dramatist – from Latin Publius Terentius Afer, anglicised nomen gentile.
Peter Waldo (c. 1140 – c. 1218), French religious reformer Pierre Vaudès.
