Leontyev, Leontief, Leontiev, Leontjew, Leontjev, or Leont'ev (Russian: Леонтьев) and Leontyeva (Леонтьева; feminine) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexei Leontyev (1917–?), Soviet mathematician
Alexei Leontyev (1716–1786), one of the first Russian sinologists
Aleksei N. Leontiev (1903–1979), Soviet psychologist, the founder of activity theory
Aleksei A. Leontiev, (1936–2004), Soviet psychologist and linguist, one of the founders of the Soviet psycholinguistics, the son of Aleksei N. Leontiev
Konstantin Leontiev (1831–1891), Russian philosopher
Lev Leontiev (1901–?), Soviet economist
Mikhail Leontiev, Russian reporter working for Channel One
Oleg Leontyev (1920–?), Soviet geomorphologist
Sergei Leontiev (1879 or 1880 – after 1932), Russian politician
Valentina Leontieva (1923-2007), Soviet TV anchor
Valery Leontiev, Russian pop singer
Wassily Leontief (1905–1999), economist