Leonov (masculine, Russian: Леонов) or Leonova (feminine, Russian: Леоновa) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksandra Leonova (born 1964), Russian women's basketball playerAleksandr Leonov, Russian boxerAlena Leonova (born 1990), Russian figure skaterAlexey Leonov, the first person to walk in spaceElena Leonova (born 1973), Russian Soviet pair skaterLeonid Leonov, prominent Soviet novelistNikolai Leonov, Soviet KGB officerViktor Leonov (1916-2003), Soviet Sailor and two time Hero of the Soviet UnionYevgeny Leonov, popular Soviet actorIhor Leonov, Ukrainian footballer, defender, known for playing with Shakhtar Donetsk