Leibowitz is a Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Henoch Leibowitz (c.1918–2008), head of the Rabbinical Seminary of America
Jacob Leibowitz, possible birth name of Jacob Frank (1726–1791), leader of a Jewish messianic movement
Jon Leibowitz (born 1958), former United States Federal Trade Commission chairman
Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz, better known as Jon Stewart (born 1962), American political satirist, formerly of The Daily Show
Martin L. Leibowitz, financial researcher and business leader
Nechama Leibowitz (1905–1997), sometimes Nehama Leibowitz, Israeli Bible scholar
René Leibowitz, (1913–1972) a French composer of Polish-Latvian origin
Samuel Leibowitz (1893–1978), New York trial lawyer
Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903–1994), Israeli thinker and scientist