Leiber is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Fridolin Leiber (1853-1912), German painter
Fritz Leiber (1910-1992), American writer of fantasy, horror and science fiction.
Fritz Leiber, Sr. (1882-1949), American actor
Hank Leiber (1911-1983), American baseball player
Jerry Leiber (1933-2011), American songwriter and record producer
Judith Leiber (born 1921), American fashion designer
Justin Leiber (born 1938), American philosopher and science fiction writer
Robert Leiber (1887-1967), German Roman Catholic priest