Samiksha Jaiswal (Editor)

Law (stochastic processes)

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In mathematics, the law of a stochastic process is the measure that the process induces on the collection of functions from the index set into the state space. The law encodes a lot of information about the process; in the case of a random walk, for example, the law is the probability distribution of the possible trajectories of the walk.

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Definition

Let (Ω, F, P) be a probability space, T some index set, and (S, Σ) a measurable space. Let X : T × Ω → S be a stochastic process (so the map

X t : Ω → S : ω ↦ X ( t , ω )

is a (F, Σ)-measurable function for each t ∈ T). Let ST denote the collection of all functions from T into S. The process X (by way of currying) induces a function ΦX : Ω → ST, where

( Φ X ( ω ) ) ( t ) := X t ( ω ) .

The law of the process X is then defined to be the pushforward measure

L X := ( Φ X ) ∗ ( P ) = P ∘ Φ X − 1

on ST.

Example

  • The law of standard Brownian motion is classical Wiener measure. (Indeed, many authors define Brownian motion to be a sample continuous process starting at the origin whose law is Wiener measure, and then proceed to derive the independence of increments and other properties from this definition; other authors prefer to work in the opposite direction.)

    • References

    Law (stochastic processes) Wikipedia
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