Larionov (Russian: Ларионов), or Larionova (feminine; Ларионова), is a common Russian surname which may refer to:
Dmitry Larionov (b. 1985), Russian slalom canoer
Igor Larionov (b. 1960), Russian ice hockey player
Ivan Larionov (1830–1889), Russian composer, writer and folklorist
Mikhail Larionov (1881–1964), Russian avant-garde painter
Nikolay Larionov, Russian football player
Vladimir Larionov, (b. 1986), Russian professional football player
Vsevolod Larionov (1928–2000), Russian film and television actor
Yegor Larionov (footballer, born 1990), Russian professional football player
Yegor Larionov (footballer, born 1995), Russian professional football player
Yuri Larionov, Russian pairs figure skater