L'huomo di lettere

Dell'Huomo di lettere difeso ed emendato 1645

In 1645 the appearance of Bartoli's first book initiated an international literary sensation. The work, reprinted eight times in the first year, quickly inserted itself in the regional literary debates of the time, with an unauthorized Florentine edition (1645) dedicated to Salvator Rosa soon challenged by a Bolognese edition (1646) dedicated to Virgilio Malvezzi. Over the following three decades and beyond there were another thirty printings at a dozen different Italian presses, especially Venetian, of which half a dozen "per Giunti" with a signature frontispiece title illustration.

Bartoli's literary "how to" book spread its influence well beyond the geographical and literary confines of Italy. During the process of her conversion to Roman Catholicism at the hands of the Jesuits in the 1650s Christina, Queen of Sweden specifically requested a copy of this celebrated work be sent to her in Stockholm. It seems to have fulfilled the Baroque dream of an energetic rhetorical eloquence to which the age aspired. Through its gallery of exemplary stylizations and picturesque moral encouragements it defends and emends not only the aspiring letterato, but also an updated classicism open to modernity, but diffident of excess. The book's international proliferation made it a vehicle of the cultural ascendancy of the Jesuits as modern classicists during the Baroque. Years later, Bartoli provided a revision for the collected edition. After Bartoli's death in 1685 editions of his works continued to appear, particularly in the early nineteenth century when he was idolized for his mastery of language and style. Giacinto Marietti printed an excellent complete edition of Bartoli in Turin between 1825 and 1856.

Translations

In Bartoli's lifetime and beyond, in addition to the host of Italian editions, his celebrated work was translated into six different languages by men of letters of other nationalities, Jesuits and non-Jesuits, illustrating on a European scale the Baroque vogue that Bartoli enjoyed in the Republic of Letters of his time. Ie appeared in 1651 in French, in 1654 in German, in 1660 in English, in 1672 in Latin, in 1678 in Spanish and in 1722 in Dutch.

La Guide des Beaux Esprits 1651

The French translation was first to appear in 1651. It was done by the Jesuit writer Thomas LeBlanc, (1599-1669) upon his return from Italy where the book had made Bartoli famous for his eloquence and erudition. LeBlanc was author of a five-volume commentary on the Psalms of David in Latin and of several pastoral works in French. It first appeared as L'Homme de lettres (Pont-a-Mousson). In 1654 it was reprinted under the more galant title, La Guide des Beaux Esprits and as such went through several editions. The fifth printing of 1669 was dedicated to Charles Le Jay, Baron de Tilly, from the ascendant noblesse de robe, influential supporters of the Society of Jesus and its colleges. Timothée Hureau de Livoy (1715-1777), a Barnabite priest and lexicographer was the translator of Denina and Muratori. In 1769 his Bartoli translation appeared with critical notes L'Homme de lettres, ouvrage traduit de l'italien augmenté de Notes historiques et critiques

Vertheidigung der Kunstliebenden und Gelehrten Anständige Sitten 1654

In Nürnberg in 1654 there was an anonymous German version omitting Bartoli's name, Vertheidigung der Kunstliebenden und Gelehrten anstandigere Sitten, The translator is Count Georg Adam von Kufstein (1605-1656). Known as Der Kunstliebende, he was member of the important literary Fruitbearing Society (Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft) under whose name and auspices the book was issued. The German edition has a fronispiece engraving with a shielded angel "ratio" defending "Vertheidigung" the writer "eruditio" The text is prefaced by a collection of 11 poetical compositions by other Gesellschaft members including the Nurbnerger Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, Der Spielende, Sigmund von Birken who oversaw the preparation of the book, Wolf Heimhardt von Hohberg Der Sinnreiche, Cambyse Bianchi del Piano, Der Seltene, from Bologna, who collaborated with Kufstein on the translation, Johan Wilhelm von Stuhlenberg, Der Ungluckselige, Erasmus der Junger von Strahlemberg, Der Liedende, Christoff Dietrick von Schallenberg, Der Schallende and Harsdörffer's son, Carl Gottfried. These poetic exercises, including a pastoral dialogue, introduce the themes of Bartoli's text. Bartoli's numerous Latin citations are translated into German, though the references to the authors are noted. At the end there is an index for subjects and one for persons and finally a helpful list of the classical authorities with page numbers.

The Learned Man Defended and Reformed 1660

During Cromwell's Protectorate in the 1650s many English notables, such as Sir Kenelm Digby gravitated to Rome and were caught up in the vogue of Bartoli's L'huomo di lettere. Digby is said to have made a translation, but this was not printed, though it is mentioned in the forward of Thomas Salusbury whose translation coincides with the return of Charles II. The London edition of 1660 celebrates the Restoration of the Stuarts with letters of dedication to two of its chief protagonists George Monck and William Prynne. A connoisseur of Italy and admirer of Bartoli, Thomas Salusbury (ca.1623-ca.1666) was connected with the prominent Anglo- Welsh Salusbury family, whose coat of arms is on the frontispiece engraving of The Learned Man. Some have attributed this translation to the English Jesuit Thomas Plowden. Salusbury followed up with Mathematical Collections and Translations (1661) of important scientific works by Galileo and his contemporaries The rare second volume of translated treatises (1665) has the first biography of Galileo Galilei in English. The title page of The Learned Man states the work was written by "the happy pen" of p. Daniel Bartolus, S.J. The book was printed by the mathematician and surveyor William Leybourn and distributed by Thomas Dring, an important London bookseller.

Character Hominis Literati 1672

Louis Janin, S.J. (1590-1672) began as a teacher of classical style in France and spent 15 years in Rome as Latin secretary for the French Assistancy at Jesuit headquartes before he returned to Lyons. There he diligently translated five large volumes of Bartoli's Italian Istoria della Compagnia di Gesu between 1665 and 1671. His Latin version of the L'huomo di lettere appeared in Lyons in 1672. A second printing appeared in Cologne in 1674 "opusculum docentibus atque ac discentibus utile ac necessarium". In 1704 this Latin translation was partially reprinted by the Jesuit Faculty of Theology at University of Wroclaw (Breslau), recently founded by Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. It was issued in honor of its first graduates, four new doctors of theology. To Janin's version was added a second translation into Latin by the Lutheran pastor in the service of Frederick I of Prussia in Prussian Kűstrin, Johann Georg Hoffmann, (1648-1719) Homo literatus defensus et emendatus. It was printed in nearby Frankfurt an der Oder in 1693. His translation was published by Jeremias Schrey The text contains an excellent system of embedded biblical references. Hoffman became a doctor of Sacred Scripture in 1696.

El Hombre de Letras 1678

El Hombre de Letras (Madrid, 1678) provided an excellent Spanish version by the Aragonese priest-musician Gaspar Sanz (1640-1710). Studying music in Italy Sanz read Bartoli's well known treatise. He is today more famous for his compositions and Instruccion de Musica sobre la Guitarra Espanola. The guitar pieces by Sanz are still a central part of the guitar repertory and are most familiar through Joaquin Rodgrigo's Fantasia para un gentilhombre. Sanz provides Castilian renderings for the extensive Latin quotations in the text and cites the original texts in the margins. This work was reprinted in Barcelona by Juan Jolis in 1744. The title page mentions a Portuguese translation that has not surfaced. It was printed again in a handsome Madrid edition in 1786.

Een Geletterd Man Verdadigd en Verbeterd 1722

The Mennonite patriarch, Lambert Bidloo (1638-1724) was an apothecary like Bartoli's father. Distinguished physicians Govert Bidloo and Nicolaas Bidloo were his brother and son. He undertook a translation of this Baroque touchstone in his old age. This remarkable Dutch translation has a beautiful frontispiece engraving. The title page lists Hendrik Bosch as Amsterdam printer and is followed by a dedication to Bidloo's daughter Maria, his "bibliothecaria". The translator's preface connects his contact with Bartoli's work through Luigi Bevilacqua, the papal nuncio who negotiated the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1678. The text is introduced by several laudatory poems by noted literary contemporaries, Pieter Langendijk, Jan van Hoogstraten. Matthaeus Brouwerius van Niedek and Gijbert Tysens. Bidloo numbers the headings. His Man is 'Verdadidg' in the first part in 11 chapters and 'Verbeterd' in the emendations in part two in 27 chapters.

Wikisource

Dell'uomo di lettere difeso ed emendato The modernized text comes from the complete Opere (Marietti, Torino) vol. 28, (1834).[12]